Mohammadhasani Kimia, Fard Mohammad Vahedi, Yadegari Mehran, Barati Mehdi, Bahari Hossein, Nattagh-Eshtivani Elyas, Rashidmayvan Mohammad
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad 9597118949, Iran.
Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 9414974877, Iran.
Clin Nutr Res. 2024 Jul 26;13(3):214-225. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2024.13.3.214. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Polymorphisms in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene with occurrence and progression of chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence for complex interrelationships, including direct and indirect effects of these variables. This review specifically focuses on studying the effects of healthy diet interaction and MC4R polymorphisms on the development of CVD. The quantity and quality of carbohydrates and proteins consumed are related to obesity susceptibility and cardiometabolic risk factors. A healthy dietary pattern such as a Mediterranean dietary can modulate the association between MC4R polymorphisms (rs17782313) and the risk of CVDs. Also, the Nordic diet can reduce lipid profiles such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol levels. On the other hand, MC4R interaction with the dietary inflammatory index decreases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increases LDL-C and triglyceride (TG) levels. Additionally, the DASH diet decreases TG, atherogenic index of plasma, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and serum glucose. The interaction between MC4R genes and diets plays an important role in the development of CVD. Adherence to healthy diets such as the Mediterranean, Nordic, Anti-inflammatory, and Dash diets might be an efficient strategy to prevent CVD. The potential for personalized diets to be developed for the treatment and prevention of CVD and its related comorbidities is expected to expand as this field develops.
黑素皮质素4受体（MC4R）基因多态性与肥胖和心血管疾病（CVD）等慢性疾病的发生和发展长期以来一直受到关注，但缺乏关于复杂相互关系的证据，包括这些变量的直接和间接影响。本综述特别关注研究健康饮食相互作用和MC4R基因多态性对CVD发生发展的影响。碳水化合物和蛋白质的摄入量及质量与肥胖易感性和心脏代谢危险因素有关。健康的饮食模式，如地中海饮食，可以调节MC4R基因多态性（rs17782313）与CVD风险之间的关联。此外，北欧饮食可以降低脂质水平，如低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和总胆固醇水平。另一方面，MC4R与饮食炎症指数的相互作用会降低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平，并增加LDL-C和甘油三酯（TG）水平。此外，得舒饮食（DASH饮食）可降低TG、血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数、收缩压、舒张压和血糖。MC4R基因与饮食之间的相互作用在CVD的发生发展中起重要作用。坚持地中海、北欧、抗炎和得舒等健康饮食可能是预防CVD的有效策略。随着该领域的发展，有望开发出个性化饮食用于治疗和预防CVD及其相关合并症。
