Rehman Abdul, Hua Junguo, Pinzon Stefania, Mirabela Florea Ianc Maria, Loredana Ciurlău, Milin Ioana Anda
College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002, China.
Esai Business School, Universidad Espiritu Santo, Samborondon, 091650, Ecuador.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 26;10(15):e34743. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34743. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
The enduring existence of pollution presents a substantial danger to human health, natural systems, and social welfare. Human activities mostly generate greenhouse gas emissions, namely carbon dioxide, which negatively impacts the environment. This study used annual datasets to examine the association between maize crop production, maize yield, fertilizer consumption, agricultural land use, and environmental quality in China. In order to identify the positive and negative shocks with the assessment of short- and long-run dynamics, the study used an asymmetric Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach. A Robust Least Squares method was also used to locate the parameters nexus in order to assess the series' robustness. Results from the long-run interaction indicate that the maize crop production and agricultural land use has a positive impact on CO emissions with probability values of (0.000), (0.000), and (0.001), (0.780), respectively, via both positive and negative interruptions. Additionally, maize yield exposed a detrimental effect on environmental quality. Results of the robust least squares analysis showed that maize crop production, fertilizer consumption, and agricultural land use had a positive influence on environmental quality, with probability values of (0.000), (0.004), and (0.949), respectively. However, there is an unfavourable relationship between variable maize yields and CO emissions. China should play a significant role in seeking to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and adopt the beneficial policies necessary to ensure the environment's long-term sustainability, since these emissions are now a rising issue around the world.
污染的长期存在对人类健康、自然系统和社会福利构成了重大威胁。人类活动主要产生温室气体排放，即二氧化碳，这对环境产生了负面影响。本研究使用年度数据集来考察中国玉米作物产量、玉米单产、化肥消费、农业用地与环境质量之间的关联。为了通过评估短期和长期动态来识别正向和负向冲击，该研究采用了非对称非线性自回归分布滞后（NARDL）方法。还使用了稳健最小二乘法来确定参数关系，以评估该序列的稳健性。长期相互作用的结果表明，玉米作物产量和农业用地通过正向和负向干扰分别对碳排放产生正向影响，概率值分别为（0.000）、（0.000）以及（0.001）、（0.780）。此外，玉米单产对环境质量有不利影响。稳健最小二乘分析结果表明，玉米作物产量、化肥消费和农业用地对环境质量有正向影响，概率值分别为（0.000）、（0.004）和（0.949）。然而，玉米单产变量与碳排放之间存在不利关系。由于二氧化碳排放如今在全球范围内日益成为一个问题，中国应在寻求减少二氧化碳排放以及采取必要的有益政策以确保环境的长期可持续性方面发挥重要作用。
