Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.
Harbin Medical University, Harbin.
Int J Surg. 2024 Sep 1;110(9):5745-5762. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002022.
Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, and spinal cord injury can pose significant threats to human mortality, morbidity, and functional independence. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology, which facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices, emerges as an innovative key to unlocking neurological conditions, demonstrating significant promise in this context. This comprehensive review uniquely synthesizes the latest advancements in BCI research across multiple neurological disorders, offering an interdisciplinary perspective on both clinical applications and emerging technologies. We explore the progress in BCI research and its applications in addressing various neurological conditions, with a particular focus on recent clinical studies and prospective developments. Initially, the review provides an up-to-date overview of BCI technology, encompassing its classification, operational principles, and prevalent paradigms. It then critically examines specific BCI applications in movement disorders, disorders of consciousness, cognitive and mental disorders, as well as sensory disorders, highlighting novel approaches and their potential impact on patient care. This review reveals emerging trends in BCI applications, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and the development of closed-loop systems, which represent significant advancements over previous technologies. The review concludes by discussing the prospects and directions of BCI technology, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and ethical considerations. It emphasizes the importance of prioritizing bidirectional and high-performance BCIs, areas that have been underexplored in previous reviews. Additionally, we identify crucial gaps in current research, particularly in long-term clinical efficacy and the need for standardized protocols. The role of neurosurgery in spearheading the clinical translation of BCI research is highlighted. Our comprehensive analysis presents BCI technology as an innovative key to unlocking neurological disorders, offering a transformative approach to diagnosing, treating, and rehabilitating neurological conditions, with substantial potential to enhance patients' quality of life and advance the field of neurotechnology.
神经系统疾病，如帕金森病、中风和脊髓损伤，可能对人类的死亡率、发病率和功能独立性构成重大威胁。脑机接口（BCI）技术促进了大脑与外部设备之间的直接通信，是解锁神经系统疾病的创新关键，在这方面具有巨大的潜力。本综述独特地综合了多个神经系统疾病中 BCI 研究的最新进展，提供了临床应用和新兴技术的跨学科视角。我们探讨了 BCI 研究在解决各种神经系统疾病方面的进展及其应用，特别关注最近的临床研究和前瞻性发展。
首先，本综述提供了 BCI 技术的最新概述，包括其分类、操作原理和常见范式。然后，它批判性地审查了运动障碍、意识障碍、认知和精神障碍以及感觉障碍中特定的 BCI 应用，强调了新方法及其对患者护理的潜在影响。本综述揭示了 BCI 应用的新兴趋势，例如人工智能的集成和闭环系统的开发，这代表了对以前技术的重大改进。
综述最后讨论了 BCI 技术的前景和方向，强调了跨学科合作和伦理考虑的重要性。它强调了优先考虑双向和高性能 BCI 的重要性，这是以前的综述中未充分探讨的领域。此外，我们确定了当前研究中的关键差距，特别是在长期临床疗效和标准化协议的需求方面。神经外科在推动 BCI 研究的临床转化中的作用也得到了强调。
我们的综合分析将 BCI 技术视为解锁神经系统疾病的创新关键，为诊断、治疗和康复神经系统疾病提供了变革性的方法，具有显著提高患者生活质量和推动神经技术领域发展的潜力。
