State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Sep 4;72(35):19259-19273. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04223. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
Probiotics are known to modulate host immune responses in the course of many diseases. Recently, bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain bioactive proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites released by bacteria, have been identified as potentially important mediators of bacteria-bacterium and bacteria-host interactions. With the deepening of research, it has been found that probiotic-derived EVs play a significant role in regulating host immune function and, thus, exerting health-promoting effects. Nevertheless, current research is in its early stages, and there remains a long way to go to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice. In this review, we describe the fundamental aspects of probiotic-derived EVs, including their biogenesis, cargo sorting mechanism, and transport capabilities. We further discussed the potential mechanisms of probiotic-derived EVs in regulating the host's gut microbiota and immune responses. Finally, we speculate about the potential of probiotic-derived EVs as new postbiotics for applications in functional food, disease treatment substitutes, and immune regulatory adjuvants.
益生菌被认为可以调节许多疾病过程中的宿主免疫反应。最近，细菌细胞外囊泡（EVs）已被确定为细菌-细菌和细菌-宿主相互作用的潜在重要介质，这些囊泡包含由细菌释放的生物活性蛋白、脂质、核酸和代谢物。随着研究的深入，发现益生菌衍生的 EVs 在调节宿主免疫功能方面发挥着重要作用，从而发挥促进健康的作用。然而，目前的研究还处于早期阶段，要想在基础研究和临床实践之间架起桥梁，还有很长的路要走。在这篇综述中，我们描述了益生菌衍生 EVs 的基本方面，包括它们的生物发生、货物分拣机制和运输能力。我们进一步讨论了益生菌衍生 EVs 调节宿主肠道微生物群和免疫反应的潜在机制。最后，我们推测益生菌衍生 EVs 作为新型后生元，可应用于功能性食品、疾病治疗替代物和免疫调节佐剂。
