University of Exeter, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, College Road, Exeter, EX1 1TE, UK.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Aug 26;24(1):2310. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19694-1.
Parental domestic violence and abuse (DVA), mental ill-health (MH), and substance misuse (SU) can have a negative impact on both parents and children. However, it remains unclear if and how parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster and the impacts this clustering might have. We examined how parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster during early childhood, the demographic/contextual profiles of these clusters, and how these clusters relate to child MH trajectories.
We examined data from 15,377 families in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. We used: (1) latent class analysis to create groups differentially exposed to parental DVA, MH, and SU at age three; (2) latent growth curve modelling to create latent trajectories of child MH from ages 3-17; and (3) a case-weight approach to relate latent classes to child MH trajectories.
We identified three latent classes: high-frequency alcohol use (11.9%), elevated adversity (3.5%), and low-level adversity (84.6%). Children in the elevated adversity class had higher probabilities of being from low-socioeconomic backgrounds and having White, younger parents. Children exposed to elevated adversity displayed worse MH at age three (intercept = 2.274; p < 0.001) compared the low-level adversity (intercept = 2.228; p < 0.001) and high-frequency alcohol use class (intercept = 2.068; p < 0.001). However, latent growth factors (linear and quadratic terms) of child MH did not differ by latent class.
Parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster during early childhood and this has a negative impact on children's MH at age three, leading to similar levels of poor MH across time. Intervening early to prevent the initial deterioration, using a syndemic-approach is essential.
父母的家庭暴力和虐待（DVA）、心理健康问题（MH）和物质滥用（SU）会对父母和子女都产生负面影响。然而，目前尚不清楚父母的 DVA、MH 和 SU 是否存在聚集现象，以及这种聚集现象会产生什么影响。我们研究了父母的 DVA、MH 和 SU 在幼儿期是如何聚集的，这些聚集的人口统计学/背景特征，以及这些聚集如何与儿童的 MH 轨迹相关。
我们使用英国千禧年队列研究中的 15377 个家庭的数据：（1）使用潜在类别分析创建在三岁时父母 DVA、MH 和 SU 差异暴露的群组；（2）使用潜在增长曲线模型创建儿童 MH 从 3 岁到 17 岁的潜在轨迹；（3）使用案例加权方法将潜在类别与儿童 MH 轨迹联系起来。
我们确定了三个潜在类别：高频饮酒（11.9%）、高逆境（3.5%）和低逆境（84.6%）。高逆境类别的儿童更有可能来自低社会经济背景，父母为白人且更年轻。暴露于高逆境的儿童在三岁时的 MH 更差（截距=2.274；p<0.001），与低逆境（截距=2.228；p<0.001）和高频饮酒类（截距=2.068；p<0.001）相比。然而，儿童 MH 的潜在增长因素（线性和二次项）在潜在类别上没有差异。
父母的 DVA、MH 和 SU 在幼儿期聚集，这对儿童三岁时的 MH 产生负面影响，导致随着时间的推移 MH 水平相似。早期使用综合征方法进行干预以防止初始恶化至关重要。
