Qian Shutong, Mao Jiayi, Liu Zhimo, Zhao Binfan, Zhao Qiuyu, Lu Bolun, Zhang Liucheng, Mao Xiyuan, Cheng Liying, Cui Wenguo, Zhang Yuguang, Sun Xiaoming
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.
Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.
Smart Med. 2022 Dec 27;1(1):e20220007. doi: 10.1002/SMMD.20220007. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems that simulate the structures and functions of organs, involving applications in disease modeling, drug screening, and cellular developmental biology. The material matrix in organoids can provide a 3D environment for stem cells to differentiate into different cell types and continuously self-renew, thereby realizing the in vitro culture of organs, which has received extensive attention in recent years. However, some challenges still exist in organoids, including low maturity, high heterogeneity, and lack of spatiotemporal regulation. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the culturing protocols and various applications of stem cell-derived organoids and proposed insightful thoughts for engineering stem cells into organoids in view of the current shortcomings, to achieve the further application and clinical translation of stem cells and engineered stem cells in organoid research.
类器官是模拟器官结构和功能的三维（3D）细胞培养系统，涉及疾病建模、药物筛选和细胞发育生物学等应用领域。类器官中的材料基质可为干细胞分化为不同细胞类型并持续自我更新提供三维环境，从而实现器官的体外培养，近年来受到广泛关注。然而，类器官仍存在一些挑战，包括成熟度低、异质性高以及缺乏时空调控。因此，在本综述中，我们总结了干细胞来源类器官的培养方案和各种应用，并针对当前的不足，对将干细胞工程化为类器官提出了有见地的想法，以实现干细胞和工程化干细胞在类器官研究中的进一步应用和临床转化。
