Department of Neuroscience, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Adv Neurobiol. 2024;39:233-267. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-64839-7_10.
The interactions between astrocytes and neurons in the context of stroke play crucial roles in the disease's progression and eventual outcomes. After a stroke, astrocytes undergo significant changes in their morphology, molecular profile, and function, together termed reactive astrogliosis. Many of these changes modulate how astrocytes relate to neurons, inducing mechanisms both beneficial and detrimental to stroke recovery. For example, excessive glutamate release and astrocytic malfunction contribute to excitotoxicity in stroke, eventually causing neuronal death. Astrocytes also provide essential metabolic support and neurotrophic signals to neurons after stroke, ensuring homeostatic stability and promoting neuronal survival. Furthermore, several astrocyte-secreted molecules regulate synaptic plasticity in response to stroke, allowing for the rewiring of neural circuits to compensate for damaged areas. In this chapter, we highlight the current understanding of the interactions between astrocytes and neurons in response to stroke, explaining the varied mechanisms contributing to injury progression and the potential implications for future therapeutic interventions.
在中风的背景下，星形胶质细胞和神经元之间的相互作用在疾病的进展和最终结果中起着至关重要的作用。中风后，星形胶质细胞在形态、分子谱和功能上发生显著变化，统称为反应性星形胶质细胞增生。其中许多变化调节了星形胶质细胞与神经元的关系，诱导了对中风恢复有益和有害的机制。例如，谷氨酸的过度释放和星形胶质细胞功能障碍导致中风中的兴奋性毒性，最终导致神经元死亡。中风后，星形胶质细胞还为神经元提供必要的代谢支持和神经营养信号，确保内稳态稳定并促进神经元存活。此外，几种星形胶质细胞分泌的分子响应中风调节突触可塑性，允许重新布线神经回路以补偿受损区域。在本章中，我们强调了目前对中风时星形胶质细胞和神经元相互作用的理解，解释了导致损伤进展的各种机制及其对未来治疗干预的潜在影响。
