Zhuo Zihan, Yin Chunfang, Zhang Zhenqing, Han Yumeng, Teng Haoye, Xu Qi, Li Changming
Institute of Advanced Cross-Field Science, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266800, China.
Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Jul 24;15(8):205. doi: 10.3390/jfb15080205.
The issue of bacterial resistance is an escalating problem due to the misuse of antibiotics worldwide. This study introduces a new antibacterial mechanism, the ferroptosis-like death (FLD) of bacteria, and an approach to creating green antibacterial nano-reactors. This innovative method leverages natural iron-containing ovotransferrin (OVT) assembled into an organic skeleton to encapsulate low-concentration adriamycin (ADM) for synthesizing eco-friendly nano-reactors. FLD utilizes the Fenton reaction of reactive oxygen species and ferrous ions to continuously produce ·OH, which can attack the bacterial cell membrane and destroy the cell structure to achieve bacteriostasis. The OVT@ADM nano-reactors are nearly spherical, with an average diameter of 247.23 nm and uniform particle sizing. Vitro simulations showed that Fe in OVT@ADM was reduced to Fe by glutathione in the bacterial periplasmic space, which made the structure of OVT loose, leading to a sustained slow release of ADM from OVT@ADM. The HO continuously produced by ADM oxidized Fe through the Fenton reaction to produce ·OH and Fe. The results of the antibacterial assay showed that OVT@ADM had a satisfactory antibacterial effect against , and the inhibition rate was as high as 99.3%. The cytotoxicity results showed that the mitigation strategy significantly reduced the cytotoxicity caused by ADM. Based on the FLD mechanism, OVT@ADM nano-reactors were evaluated and applied to bacteriostasis. Therefore, the novel antibacterial mechanism and OVT@ADM by the green synthesis method have good application prospects.
由于全球范围内抗生素的滥用，细菌耐药性问题日益严重。本研究介绍了一种新的抗菌机制——细菌的铁死亡样死亡（FLD），以及一种创建绿色抗菌纳米反应器的方法。这种创新方法利用天然含铁的卵转铁蛋白（OVT）组装成有机骨架，包裹低浓度阿霉素（ADM）以合成环保型纳米反应器。FLD利用活性氧和亚铁离子的芬顿反应持续产生·OH，其可攻击细菌细胞膜并破坏细胞结构以实现抑菌。OVT@ADM纳米反应器近乎球形，平均直径为247.23nm，粒径均匀。体外模拟表明，OVT@ADM中的Fe在细菌周质空间中被谷胱甘肽还原为Fe，这使得OVT的结构松散，导致ADM从OVT@ADM中持续缓慢释放。ADM持续产生的HO通过芬顿反应氧化Fe以产生·OH和Fe。抗菌试验结果表明，OVT@ADM对 具有令人满意的抗菌效果，抑制率高达99.3%。细胞毒性结果表明，该缓解策略显著降低了ADM引起的细胞毒性。基于FLD机制，对OVT@ADM纳米反应器进行了评估并应用于抑菌。因此，通过绿色合成方法得到的新型抗菌机制和OVT@ADM具有良好的应用前景。
