Ogawa H, Kato I, Tominaga S
Jpn J Cancer Res. 1985 Feb;76(2):113-8.
Family history of cancer was examined for 9,131 cancer patients who were reported to the Aichi Cancer Registry in 1979-1981, and were over 20 years old at diagnosis. The rate of patients whose parents and/or siblings had cancer of any site was 24.5%. The rate was 9.2% for father, 8.4% for mother, 6.0% for brother(s), and 5.2% for sister(s). A significant site concordance between study patient and family member with cancer was observed for cancer of the breast, colon and rectum, and stomach. The rate of family history of breast cancer patients was 3.3 times higher than the corresponding rate for other cancer patients (3.1% vs 0.9%). Similarly, the ratio was 2.2 in colon and rectum cancer (4.2% vs 1.9%), and 1.6 in stomach cancer (16.5% vs 10.1%). An increased risk of cancer was observed when both brother and sister had cancer. This may suggest an important role of environmental exposure at an early age, as well as genetic factors, in the development of cancer. The age distribution curve of the colon and rectum cancer patients who had a family history of the same cancer was found to be bimodal with the larger peak in the 40s and the smaller peak in the 70s. This may suggest a differential contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the development of colon and rectum cancer.
对1979年至1981年向爱知县癌症登记处报告的、诊断时年龄超过20岁的9131名癌症患者进行了癌症家族史调查。父母和/或兄弟姐妹患有任何部位癌症的患者比例为24.5%。父亲患癌比例为9.2%，母亲为8.4%，兄弟为6.0%，姐妹为5.2%。在乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌和胃癌方面，观察到研究对象与患癌家庭成员之间存在显著的部位一致性。乳腺癌患者的家族史比例比其他癌症患者相应比例高3.3倍（3.1%对0.9%）。同样，结肠直肠癌的比例为2.2（4.2%对1.9%），胃癌为1.6（16.5%对10.1%）。当兄弟姐妹都患癌时，患癌风险增加。这可能表明早年的环境暴露以及遗传因素在癌症发生中起重要作用。发现有相同癌症家族史的结肠直肠癌患者的年龄分布曲线呈双峰状，较大峰值在40多岁，较小峰值在70多岁。这可能表明遗传和环境因素对结肠直肠癌发生的贡献不同。
