Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 6;16(16):2587. doi: 10.3390/nu16162587.
Antioxidants are endogenous and exogenous substances with the ability to inhibit oxidation processes by interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS, in turn, are small, highly reactive substances capable of oxidizing a wide range of molecules in the human body, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and even small inorganic compounds. The overproduction of ROS leads to oxidative stress, which constitutes a significant factor contributing to the development of disease, not only markedly diminishing the quality of life but also representing the most common cause of death in developed countries, namely, cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this review is to demonstrate the effect of selected antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), flavonoids, carotenoids, and resveratrol, as well as to introduce new antioxidant therapies utilizing miRNA and nanoparticles, in reducing the incidence and progression of CVD. In addition, new antioxidant therapies in the context of the aforementioned diseases will be considered. This review emphasizes the pleiotropic effects and benefits stemming from the presence of the mentioned substances in the organism, leading to an overall reduction in cardiovascular risk, including coronary heart disease, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial hypertrophy.
抗氧化剂是内源性和外源性物质，能够通过与活性氧（ROS）相互作用来抑制氧化过程。ROS 是一种小分子、高反应性的物质，能够氧化人体内的多种分子，包括核酸、蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物，甚至是无机小分子化合物。ROS 的过度产生会导致氧化应激，这是导致疾病发展的一个重要因素，不仅显著降低生活质量，而且是发达国家最常见的死亡原因，即心血管疾病（CVD）。本综述的目的是展示一些抗氧化剂的作用，如辅酶 Q10（CoQ10）、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和白藜芦醇，以及利用 miRNA 和纳米粒子的新抗氧化治疗方法，在降低 CVD 的发生率和进展方面的作用。此外，还将考虑上述疾病的新抗氧化治疗方法。本综述强调了这些物质在体内的多效作用和益处，导致心血管风险的全面降低，包括冠心病、血脂异常、高血压、动脉粥样硬化和心肌肥厚。
