Ziadlou Reihane, Pandian Ganesh N, Hafner Jürg, Akdis Cezmi A, Stingl Georg, Maverakis Emanual, Brüggen Marie-Charlotte
Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Allergy. 2024 Dec;79(12):3310-3325. doi: 10.1111/all.16295. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the deepest component of the three-layered cutaneous integument. While mesenteric adipose tissue-based immune processes have gained recognition in the context of the metabolic syndrome, SAT has been traditionally considered primarily for energy storage, with less attention to its immune functions. SAT harbors a reservoir of immune and stromal cells that significantly impact metabolic and immunologic processes not only in the skin, but even on a systemic level. These processes include wound healing, cutaneous and systemic infections, immunometabolic, and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory skin diseases, as well as neoplastic conditions. A better understanding of SAT immune functions in different processes, could open avenues for novel therapeutic interventions. Targeting SAT may not only address SAT-specific diseases but also offer potential treatments for cutaneous or even systemic conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on SAT's structure and functions, highlight recent advancements in understanding its role in both homeostatic and pathological conditions within and beyond the skin, and discuss the main questions for future research in the field.
皮下脂肪组织（SAT）是三层皮肤被膜的最深层部分。虽然基于肠系膜脂肪组织的免疫过程在代谢综合征背景下已得到认可，但传统上SAT主要被认为是用于能量储存，而对其免疫功能关注较少。SAT含有大量免疫细胞和基质细胞，这些细胞不仅对皮肤的代谢和免疫过程有显著影响，甚至在全身水平上也是如此。这些过程包括伤口愈合、皮肤和全身感染、免疫代谢和自身免疫性疾病、炎症性皮肤病以及肿瘤性疾病。更好地理解SAT在不同过程中的免疫功能，可能为新型治疗干预开辟途径。针对SAT不仅可以治疗SAT特异性疾病，还可能为皮肤甚至全身疾病提供潜在治疗方法。本综述旨在全面概述SAT的结构和功能，突出在理解其在皮肤内外的稳态和病理状态中的作用方面的最新进展，并讨论该领域未来研究的主要问题。
