Low-cost and scalable projected light-sheet microscopy for the high-resolution imaging of cleared tissue and living samples.

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a widely used technique for imaging cleared tissue and living samples. However, high-performance LSFM systems are typically expensive and not easily scalable. Here we introduce a low-cost, scalable and versatile LSFM framework, which we named 'projected light-sheet microscopy' (pLSM), with high imaging performance and small device and computational footprints. We characterized the capabilities of pLSM, which repurposes readily available consumer-grade components, optimized optics, over-network control architecture and software-driven light-sheet modulation, by performing high-resolution mapping of cleared mouse brains and of post-mortem pathological human brain samples, and via the molecular phenotyping of brain and blood-vessel organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We also report a method that leverages pLSM for the live imaging of the dynamics of sparsely labelled multi-layered bacterial pellicle biofilms at an air-liquid interface. pLSM can make high-resolution LSFM for biomedical applications more accessible, affordable and scalable.