Etnier Jennifer L, Kibildis Samuel W, DuBois Samantha L
Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2024;67:79-102. doi: 10.1007/7854_2024_492.
Substantial research has explored the effects of a single session of exercise on cognitive performance. Meta-analytic reviews provide summary statistics relative to these effects when the cognitive task is performed while exercising and when performed after exercise. When performed concomitantly the effects of exercise are typically small or negative with the exception of moderate effects for speed of cognitive performance during moderate intensity exercise. When cognitive performance is assessed following the cessation of exercise, the effects are typically positive. When considering the effects following exercise, most studies have focused on executive function and episodic memory as the cognitive outcomes of interest with meta-analyses supporting small-to-moderate benefits. When potential moderators related to exercise parameters or participants characteristics are examined, results suggest that 20 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity exercise consistently benefits performance with larger effects evident for executive function tasks with higher cognitive demands, for long-term memory tasks when exercise is performed prior to information encoding, and when considering individuals with lower initial cognitive performance levels. These observed benefits are likely due to the impacts acute exercise can have on physiological arousal, brain function, and brain neurotrophic factors. Advancements in our understanding of the potential of a single session of exercise to benefit cognitive performance are important for exercise prescription and to inform chronic exercise programs designed to benefit cognition.
大量研究探讨了单次运动对认知表现的影响。荟萃分析综述提供了在运动时执行认知任务以及运动后执行认知任务时这些影响的汇总统计数据。当同时进行时，除了在中等强度运动期间认知表现速度有中等影响外，运动的影响通常较小或为负面。当在运动停止后评估认知表现时，影响通常为正面。在考虑运动后的影响时，大多数研究将执行功能和情景记忆作为感兴趣的认知结果，荟萃分析支持了小到中等程度的益处。当检查与运动参数或参与者特征相关的潜在调节因素时，结果表明，20分钟的中等至剧烈强度运动持续有益于表现，对于认知要求较高的执行功能任务、在信息编码之前进行运动时的长期记忆任务以及考虑初始认知表现水平较低的个体时，效果更明显。这些观察到的益处可能归因于急性运动对生理唤醒、脑功能和脑神经营养因子的影响。我们对单次运动有益于认知表现潜力的理解取得进展，这对运动处方以及为有益于认知的慢性运动计划提供信息很重要。
