Tiernan T O, Taylor M L, Garrett J H, VanNess G F, Solch J G, Wagel D J, Ferguson G L, Schecter A
Environ Health Perspect. 1985 Feb;59:145-58. doi: 10.1289/ehp.59-1568078.
Several of the major incidents resulting in potential human exposures to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and/or polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related compounds which have occurred in the U.S. in recent periods have resulted from improper disposal of hazardous chemical wastes. Prominent examples of such environmental contamination episodes are the Love Canal, into which ton quantities of chlorinated organic compounds containing substantial concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were deposited; numerous sites in the State of Missouri which were contaminated by the dumping of chlorinated organic wastes containing various PCDDs and possibly PCDFs, and PCBs; and the environs of a 2,4-D/2,4,5-T manufacturing plant site in Arkansas, which were contaminated with PCDDs. Environmental assessments of such sites have revealed extensive contamination of soils, waterways, fish and other biological species with these toxic compounds, which in turn could lead to human exposures. Other recently identified sources of PCDDs, PCDFs and related compounds in human environments include stack effluents from municipal refuse incineration, and fires and explosions involving electrical devices containing PCBs and polychlorinated benzenes. Data obtained in assessments of such incidents are presented, and the implications of these findings with respect to the distribution and persistence of PCDDs, PCDFs and related chemicals in the environment and possible effects on humans are discussed.
近期在美国发生的几起重大事故导致人类有可能接触到多氯二苯并二恶英（PCDDs）和/或多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）及相关化合物，这些事故均源于危险化学废物的不当处置。此类环境污染事件的突出例子有爱运河，数吨含有高浓度2,3,7,8 - 四氯二苯并对二恶英（TCDD）的氯化有机化合物被倾倒其中；密苏里州的众多地点因倾倒含有各种PCDDs以及可能的PCDFs和PCBs的氯化有机废物而受到污染；以及阿肯色州一家2,4 - D/2,4,5 - T制造工厂周边地区被PCDDs污染。对此类场地的环境评估显示，这些有毒化合物对土壤、水道、鱼类及其他生物物种造成了广泛污染，进而可能导致人类接触。人类环境中其他近期发现的PCDDs、PCDFs及相关化合物的来源包括城市垃圾焚烧产生的烟囱废气，以及涉及含PCBs和多氯苯的电气设备的火灾和爆炸。文中展示了对此类事故评估所获得的数据，并讨论了这些发现对于PCDDs、PCDFs及相关化学物质在环境中的分布和持久性以及对人类可能产生的影响。
