Ningarajappa Guru Peelapura, Patil Chidanand Shiveshankar, Deore Bhaidas Vitthal, Saindane Yogesh Subhash, Anurag Rahul Kumar, Singh Ashish Kumar, Barman Samir, Mondal Tilak
ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
Department of Entomology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Maharashtra, 413722, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 25;10(16):e34277. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34277. eCollection 2024 Aug 30.
Capsicum is generally infested with many biotic agents mainly sucking insects, among them the major is aphid (. Chemical management is one of the most common strategies for their management. However, there are no recommended insecticides for insect management in polyhouse. An experiment was designed to assess the bio-potency of four popularly used insecticides (Imidacloprid-17.8SL, Acephate-75SP, Dimethoate-30EC and Buprofezin-25SC), a botanical (Neem oil 10000 ppm) and two entomopathogenic fungi ( 1.15%WP and 1.15%WP) for two consecutive seasons. Most effective and the highest reduction of aphid population (78.14-81.92 %) were found in imidacloprid (17.8SL) treated plots. This effective molecule imidacloprid was further studied for its dissipation pattern under polyhouse and open condition and found that the imidacloprid residues in capsicum fruit dissipated below quantification limit (BQL) within 10days after final spray and the residues in the soil sampled at harvest time were found below the detection level. The half-lives of imidacloprid were 1.88 and 2.61 days under polyhouse and 1.07 and 1.52 days in open field at recommended doses (25 g a.i. ha) and double doses (50 g a.i. ha) of application respectively. The dietary exposure of imidacloprid on capsicum fruit under both conditions exposed that hazard quotient (HQ) values obtained from the different treatment doses have not exceeded the upper limit of toxicity (HQ < 1) and imidacloprid residues in the fruits were found below the existing MRL (Maximum Residue Limit) values (0.5 mg/kg) at 3 days after its final applications. Thus, imidacloprid may be considered as the effective chemical management option against aphids in capsicum under polyhouse and open field having no harmful effect on human consumption.
辣椒通常受到多种生物因子的侵害，主要是刺吸式昆虫，其中主要是蚜虫。化学防治是防治它们的最常见策略之一。然而，温室中没有推荐用于害虫防治的杀虫剂。设计了一项实验，连续两个季节评估四种常用杀虫剂（吡虫啉17.8%悬浮剂、乙酰甲胺磷75%可湿性粉剂、乐果30%乳油和噻嗪酮25%悬浮剂）、一种植物源药剂（10000 ppm印楝油）和两种昆虫病原真菌（球孢白僵菌1.15%可湿性粉剂和绿僵菌1.15%可湿性粉剂）的生物活性。在吡虫啉（17.8%悬浮剂）处理的地块中发现对蚜虫种群的防治效果最显著且蚜虫数量减少最多（78.14 - 81.92%）。对这种有效的药剂吡虫啉在温室和露地条件下的消解模式进行了进一步研究，发现最终喷雾后10天内辣椒果实中的吡虫啉残留量降至定量限（BQL）以下，收获时采集的土壤中的残留量低于检测水平。在推荐剂量（25克有效成分/公顷）和双倍剂量（50克有效成分/公顷）下，吡虫啉在温室中的半衰期分别为1.88天和2.61天，在露地分别为1.07天和1.52天。两种条件下辣椒果实上吡虫啉的膳食暴露表明，不同处理剂量获得的危害商（HQ）值未超过毒性上限（HQ < 1），且最终施药3天后果实中的吡虫啉残留量低于现有最大残留限量（MRL）值（0.5毫克/千克）。因此，吡虫啉可被视为温室和露地条件下防治辣椒蚜虫的有效化学防治选择，对人类食用没有有害影响。
