Cai Yanfei, Shi Ziming, Zhao Peifei, Yang Yingjie, Cui Yinshan, Tian Min, Wang Jihua
Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Aug 14;15:1436429. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1436429. eCollection 2024.
Red spider mite () infestation (SMI) is a detrimental factor for roses grown indoors. Although predatory mite () antagonism (PMA) is often utilized to alleviate SMI damage, little is known about the defensive response of greenhouse-grown roses to SMI and the molecular mechanism by which PMA protects roses.
To determine the transcriptome and metabolome responses of roses to SMI and PMA, the leaves of a rose cultivar ("Fairy Zixia/Nightingale") were infested with , followed by the introduction of predator mite. Leaf samples were collected at various time points and subjected to transcriptome and metabolome analyses.
We found that 24 h of SMI exerted the most changes in the expression of defense-related genes and metabolites in rose leaves. KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites revealed that rose responses to SMI and PMA were primarily enriched in pathways such as sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, phytosterol biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and other pathways associated with resistance to biotic stress. Rose reacted to SMI and PMA by increasing the expression of structural genes and metabolite levels in phytosterol biosynthesis, mevalonate (MVA) pathway, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, and stilbenoid biosynthesis. In addition, PMA caused a progressive recover from SMI, allowing rose to revert to its normal growth state. PMA restored the expression of 190 essential genes damaged by SMI in rose leaves, including transcription factors DRE1C, BH035, MYB14, EF110, WRKY24, NAC71, and MY108. However, after 144 h of PMA treatment, rose responsiveness to stimulation was diminished, and after 192 h, the metabolic levels of organic acids and lipids were recovered in large measure.
In conclusion, our results offered insights on how roses coordinate their transcriptome and metabolome to react to SMI and PMA, therefore shedding light on how roses, , and interact.
红蜘蛛螨（）侵染（SMI）是室内种植玫瑰的一个有害因素。尽管捕食螨（）拮抗作用（PMA）常被用于减轻SMI造成的损害，但对于温室种植玫瑰对SMI的防御反应以及PMA保护玫瑰的分子机制知之甚少。
为了确定玫瑰对SMI和PMA的转录组和代谢组反应，对一个玫瑰品种（“仙子紫霞/夜莺”）的叶片进行红蜘蛛螨侵染，随后引入捕食螨。在不同时间点采集叶片样本并进行转录组和代谢组分析。
我们发现，24小时的SMI对玫瑰叶片中与防御相关的基因和代谢物表达产生的变化最大。对差异表达基因（DEGs）和代谢物的KEGG通路分析表明，玫瑰对SMI和PMA的反应主要富集在倍半萜和三萜生物合成、苯并恶嗪生物合成、芪类、二芳基庚烷类和姜酚生物合成、植物甾醇生物合成、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路、苯丙烷生物合成以及其他与抗生物胁迫相关的通路中。玫瑰通过增加植物甾醇生物合成、甲羟戊酸（MVA）途径、苯并恶嗪生物合成和芪类生物合成中的结构基因表达和代谢物水平来应对SMI和PMA。此外，PMA使玫瑰从SMI中逐渐恢复，使其恢复到正常生长状态。PMA恢复了玫瑰叶片中190个被SMI破坏的必需基因的表达，包括转录因子DRE1C、BH035、MYB14、EF110、WRKY24、NAC71和MY108。然而，在PMA处理144小时后，玫瑰对刺激的反应能力减弱，在192小时后，有机酸和脂质的代谢水平在很大程度上得到恢复。
总之，我们的结果为玫瑰如何协调其转录组和代谢组以应对SMI和PMA提供了见解，从而揭示了玫瑰、红蜘蛛螨和捕食螨之间的相互作用方式。
