Ganesan Alagammai, Arunagiri Thirumalai, Mani Suganandhini, Kumaran Vamsi Ravi, Sk Gayathrii, Elumalai Sandhiya, Kannaiah Kanaka Parvathi, Chanduluru Hemanth Kumar
SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Feb;398(2):1057-1080. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03385-0. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
An underestimated worldwide health concern, Monkeypox (Mpox) is becoming a bigger menace to the world's population. After smallpox was eradicated in 1970, Mpox was found in a rural region of Africa and quickly spread to other African countries. The etiological agent of the Mpox infection, the Mpox virus, is constantly evolving, and its capability for cross-species transmission led to a global outbreak in 2022 which led to several deaths throughout the world. This review aims to showcase the progressive treatment methods and emerging innovations in the diagnostic and prevention strategies for controlling Mpox. The clinical trial data for antiviral drugs were systematically collected and analyzed using statistical tests to determine the most effective antiviral treatment. Emerging viral protein inhibitors that are under investigation for Mpox treatment were also scrutinized in this review. Additionally, modern diagnostic methods, such as the Streamlined CRISPR On Pod Evaluation platform (SCOPE) and graphene quantum rods were reviewed, and the efficacy of mRNA vaccines with traditional smallpox vaccines used for Mpox were compared. The statistical analysis revealed that tecovirimat (TCV) is the most effective antiviral drug among the other evaluated drugs, showing superior efficacy in clinical trials. Similarly, mRNA vaccines offer greater effectiveness compared to conventional smallpox vaccines. Furthermore, emerging nanomedicine and herbal drug candidates were highlighted as potential future treatments for Mpox. The findings underscore the effectiveness of TCV in treating Mpox and highlight significant advancements in preventive treatments. The review also points to innovative approaches in vaccine technology and potential future therapies, including nanomedicine and herbal remedies, which may enhance Mpox management.
猴痘是一个全球范围内被低估的健康问题，正成为对世界人口的更大威胁。1970年天花被根除后，猴痘在非洲一个农村地区被发现，并迅速传播到其他非洲国家。猴痘感染的病原体猴痘病毒不断进化，其跨物种传播能力导致了2022年的全球疫情，造成世界各地数人死亡。本综述旨在展示控制猴痘的渐进治疗方法以及诊断和预防策略方面的新兴创新。系统收集了抗病毒药物的临床试验数据，并使用统计测试进行分析，以确定最有效的抗病毒治疗方法。本综述还仔细研究了正在研究用于治疗猴痘的新兴病毒蛋白抑制剂。此外，还对现代诊断方法进行了综述，如简化的CRISPR在现场评估平台（SCOPE）和石墨烯量子棒，并比较了用于猴痘的mRNA疫苗与传统天花疫苗的疗效。统计分析表明，在其他评估药物中，特考韦瑞马特（TCV）是最有效的抗病毒药物，在临床试验中显示出卓越的疗效。同样，与传统天花疫苗相比，mRNA疫苗具有更高的有效性。此外，新兴的纳米药物和草药候选药物被强调为猴痘未来潜在的治疗方法。这些发现强调了TCV在治疗猴痘方面的有效性，并突出了预防治疗方面的重大进展。该综述还指出了疫苗技术的创新方法以及潜在的未来疗法，包括纳米药物和草药疗法，这可能会加强对猴痘的管理。
