Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, BOX 332, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, P.R. China.
Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
Mikrochim Acta. 2024 Sep 4;191(10):574. doi: 10.1007/s00604-024-06649-x.
In the field of sensing, the development of sensors with high sensitivity, accuracy, selectivity, sustainability, simplicity, and low cost remains a key focus. Over the past decades, optical and electrochemical sensors based on molecular imprinting techniques have garnered significant attention due to the above advantages. Molecular imprinting technology utilizes molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to mimic the specific recognition capabilities of enzymes or antibodies for target molecules. Recently, MIP-based sensors rooting in signal amplification techniques have been employed to enhance molecular detection level and the quantitative ability for environmental pollutants, biomolecules, therapeutic compounds, bacteria, and viruses. The signal amplification techniques involved in MIP-based sensors mainly cover nucleic acid chain amplification, enzyme-catalyzed cascade, introduction of high-performance nanomaterials, and rapid chemical reactions. The amplified analytical signals are centered around electrochemical, fluorescence, colorimetric, and surface-enhanced Raman techniques, which can effectively realize the determination of some low-abundance targets in biological samples. This review highlights the recent advancements of electrochemical/optical sensors based on molecular imprinting integrated with various signal amplification strategies and their dedication to the study of trace biomolecules. Finally, future research directions on developing multidimensional output signals of MIP-based sensors and introducing multiple signal amplification strategies are proposed.
在传感领域，开发具有高灵敏度、准确性、选择性、可持续性、简单性和低成本的传感器仍然是一个关键焦点。在过去的几十年中，基于分子印迹技术的光学和电化学传感器由于具有上述优点而受到了广泛关注。分子印迹技术利用分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）来模拟酶或抗体对目标分子的特异性识别能力。最近，基于 MIP 的传感器与信号放大技术相结合，用于提高环境污染物、生物分子、治疗化合物、细菌和病毒的分子检测水平和定量能力。基于 MIP 的传感器中的信号放大技术主要包括核酸链扩增、酶催化级联、引入高性能纳米材料和快速化学反应。放大的分析信号集中在电化学、荧光、比色和表面增强拉曼技术上，这些技术可以有效地实现生物样品中一些低丰度靶标的测定。本综述重点介绍了基于分子印迹的电化学/光学传感器与各种信号放大策略相结合的最新进展及其在痕量生物分子研究中的应用。最后，提出了开发基于 MIP 的传感器多维输出信号和引入多种信号放大策略的未来研究方向。
