Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Shahid Sardar Soleimani Hospital, Endocrine Clinic, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Endocr Disord. 2024 Sep 5;24(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s12902-024-01708-z.
BACKGROUND: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an inflammatory disease characterized by increased reactive oxygen species. Diets rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may be linked to a reduced risk of developing HT. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) with HT in Iranian adults. METHODS: The study was a hospital-based case-control study conducted on 230 participants (115 cases and 115 controls). Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FFQ data were used to calculate DII and DTAC scores. Anthropometric measurements, thyroid function, and antibody tests were evaluated using standard methods. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed in both raw and adjusted models to determine the association between DII and DTAC scores with HT. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 39.76 ± 9.52 years. The mean body mass index in the case and control groups was 28.03 ± 6.32 and 26.43 ± 5.13 (kg/m), respectively (P = 0.036). In the HT group, the DII level was higher (P < 0.001) and the DTAC level was lower than those in the healthy group (P = 0.047). In the multivariable logistic regression model, after adjusting for confounding factors, subjects in the last tertile of DII had a nonsignificantly higher HT risk than those in the first tertile (OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 0.83-3.65; P = 0.130). Regarding DTAC, the subjects in the last tertile of DTAC had a significantly decreased risk of HT (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.23-0.98; P = 0.043) compared to those in the first tertile. The DII had a positive correlation with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab) and thyroid-stimulating hormone, while DTAC had a negative correlation with anti-TPO and TG-Ab (P < 0.050). CONCLUSION: The increase in DII is not associated with an increase in the risk of HT, while DTAC can significantly reduce its risk. Having an anti-inflammatory and antioxidative diet can be effective in improving thyroid function. These conclusions should be confirmed in additional prospective studies.
背景：桥本甲状腺炎（HT）是一种以活性氧增加为特征的炎症性疾病。富含抗炎和抗氧化特性的饮食可能与降低发生 HT 的风险有关。本研究旨在探讨伊朗成年人饮食炎症指数（DII）和饮食总抗氧化能力（DTAC）与 HT 之间的关联。
方法：这是一项基于医院的病例对照研究，共纳入 230 名参与者（115 例病例和 115 例对照）。采用食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食摄入情况。使用 FFQ 数据计算 DII 和 DTAC 评分。使用标准方法评估人体测量学指标、甲状腺功能和抗体检测。在原始和调整模型中均进行多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定 DII 和 DTAC 评分与 HT 之间的关联。
结果：参与者的平均年龄为 39.76±9.52 岁。病例组和对照组的平均体重指数分别为 28.03±6.32 和 26.43±5.13（kg/m）（P=0.036）。在 HT 组中，DII 水平较高（P<0.001），DTAC 水平较低（P=0.047）。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，调整混杂因素后，DII 后三分之一组发生 HT 的风险较前三分之一组无显著升高（OR=1.75；95%CI=0.83-3.65；P=0.130）。关于 DTAC，与前三分之一组相比，DTAC 后三分之一组 HT 的风险显著降低（OR=0.47；95%CI=0.23-0.98；P=0.043）。DII 与抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（anti-TPO）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TG-Ab）和促甲状腺激素呈正相关，而 DTAC 与 anti-TPO 和 TG-Ab 呈负相关（P<0.050）。
结论：DII 的增加与 HT 风险的增加无关，而 DTAC 可显著降低其风险。摄入具有抗炎和抗氧化特性的饮食可能有助于改善甲状腺功能。这些结论应在进一步的前瞻性研究中得到证实。
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