Varjan Mikuláš, Žiška Böhmerová Ľubica, Oreská Ľudmila, Schickhofer Peter, Hamar Dušan
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Centre of Active Ageing, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Physiol. 2024 Aug 21;15:1386537. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1386537. eCollection 2024.
While classical resistance exercise is an effective way to improve strength and control postural sway, it may not be suitable for some elderly individuals with specific health disorders (e.g., aneurysms). Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative modalities. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of sensorimotor training on muscle strength and postural control in the female elderly population and subsequently compare these effects with a traditional combined resistance-endurance training program. A total of 34 healthy, active elderly women aged from 65 to 75 years, (average age 72.7 ± 4.4 years, height 161.6 ± 5.1 cm, and weight 66.9 ± 8.4 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups undergoing different 10-week interventions: the resistance-endurance training (RET, n = 11), the sensorimotor training (SMT, n = 12) and the control group (COG, n = 11). Prior to and after the interventions all participants underwent tests of maximal voluntary contraction of the dominant and non-dominant leg; postural sway tests with open and closed eyes; novel visual feedback balance test; 10-meter maximal walking speed (10 mMWS) and stair climb test. A T-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used, followed by the Bonferroni test, to compare the pre and post-measurements and assess differences in gains between groups. Results showed a significant main effect of time on strength ( < 0.001). In addition, significant differences in time × group interaction on strength ( < 0.01), postural control ( < 01), and ascendant and descended vertical speed ( < 0.001) were observed. Besides, the RET group improved significantly the maximal voluntary contraction of both dominant (16.3%, ≤ 0.01) and non-dominant leg (10.9%, ≤ 0.05). SMT group improved maximal voluntary contraction of both dominant (16.6%, ≤ 0.001) and non-dominant leg (12.7%, ≤ 0.01). In addition, they also improved mean velocity of the centre of pressure (COP) in postural sway test with eyes open (24.2%, ≤ 0.05) as well as eyes closed (29.2%, ≤ 0.05), mean distance of COP in novel visual feedback balance test (37.5%, ≤ 0.001), ascendant and descended vertical velocity (13.6%, ≤ 0.001 and 17.8%, ≤ 0.001, respectively). Results show not only resistance training but sensorimotor intervention boosts strength too. This intervention also enhances postural control and functional abilities for both ascending and descending movements.
虽然传统的阻力训练是提高力量和控制姿势摇摆的有效方法，但它可能不适用于一些患有特定健康疾病（如动脉瘤）的老年人。因此，有必要探索替代方法。该研究旨在评估感觉运动训练对老年女性人群肌肉力量和姿势控制的影响，并随后将这些影响与传统的阻力 - 耐力联合训练计划进行比较。共有34名年龄在65至75岁之间的健康、活跃的老年女性（平均年龄72.7±4.4岁，身高161.6±5.1厘米，体重66.9±8.4千克）被随机分为三组，接受为期10周的不同干预：阻力 - 耐力训练（RET，n = 11）、感觉运动训练（SMT，n = 12）和对照组（COG，n = 11）。在干预前后，所有参与者都进行了优势腿和非优势腿的最大自主收缩测试；睁眼和闭眼的姿势摇摆测试；新型视觉反馈平衡测试；10米最大步行速度（10 mMWS）和爬楼梯测试。使用T检验和重复测量方差分析，随后进行Bonferroni检验，以比较测量前后的数据并评估组间增益差异。结果显示时间对力量有显著的主效应（<0.001）。此外，观察到时间×组交互作用在力量（<0.01）、姿势控制（<0.01）以及上升和下降垂直速度（<0.001）方面存在显著差异。此外，RET组显著提高了优势腿（16.3%，≤0.01）和非优势腿（10.9%，≤0.05）的最大自主收缩。SMT组提高了优势腿（16.6%，≤0.001）和非优势腿（12.7%，≤0.01）的最大自主收缩。此外，他们还提高了睁眼姿势摇摆测试（24.2%，≤0.05）以及闭眼（29.2%，≤0.05）时压力中心（COP）的平均速度，新型视觉反馈平衡测试中COP的平均距离（37.5%，≤0.001），上升和下降垂直速度（分别为13.6%，≤0.001和17.8%，≤0.001）。结果表明，不仅阻力训练，感觉运动干预也能增强力量。这种干预还增强了上升和下降运动的姿势控制和功能能力。
