Kenville Rouven, Maudrich Tom, Körner Sophie, Zimmer Johannes, Ragert Patrick
Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2021 Nov 17;12:767036. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767036. eCollection 2021.
Static and dynamic balance abilities enable simple and complex movements and are determinants of top athletic performance. Balance abilities and their proficiency differ fundamentally with respect to age, gender, type of balance intervention, and type of sport. With this study, we aim to investigate whether 4weeks of dynamic balance training (DBT) improves static balance performance in school-aged gymnasts and football players. For this purpose, young male gymnasts (=21) and male football players (=20) completed an initial static balance assessment consisting of two one-legged stance (left and right foot) and two two-legged stance (eyes open and eyes closed) tasks. Subsequently, all participants underwent a 4-week intervention. DBT consisting of nine individual tasks was performed two times per week. Another static balance assessment followed 1day after the last training session and retention was assessed 2weeks later. Dynamic balance scores and total path length were analyzed rank-based repeated measures designs using ANOVA-type statistics. The influence of factors GROUP and TIME on the static and dynamic balance performance was examined. Prior to DBT, young gymnasts showed better static balance performance than football players. However, after intervention, both groups improved in both one-legged stance tasks and also had high retention rates in these tasks. No significant improvements were seen in either group in the two-legged balance tests. Both groups improved in the dynamic balance tasks, although no differences in learning rates were evident. Our findings imply an inter-relationship between both static and dynamic balance components. Consequently, training regimes should include both balance components to facilitate early development of balance ability.
静态和动态平衡能力有助于实现简单和复杂的动作，是顶级运动表现的决定因素。平衡能力及其熟练程度在年龄、性别、平衡干预类型和运动类型方面存在根本差异。通过本研究，我们旨在调查为期4周的动态平衡训练（DBT）是否能提高学龄体操运动员和足球运动员的静态平衡表现。为此，年轻男性体操运动员（=21名）和男性足球运动员（=20名）完成了一项初始静态平衡评估，该评估包括两项单腿站立（左脚和右脚）和两项双腿站立（睁眼和闭眼）任务。随后，所有参与者都接受了为期4周的干预。由九个单独任务组成的DBT每周进行两次。在最后一次训练课结束1天后进行了另一项静态平衡评估，并在2周后评估了保持情况。使用方差分析类型的统计方法，基于秩的重复测量设计分析了动态平衡分数和总路径长度。研究了GROUP和TIME因素对静态和动态平衡表现的影响。在进行DBT之前，年轻体操运动员的静态平衡表现优于足球运动员。然而，干预后，两组在单腿站立任务中均有所改善，并且在这些任务中的保持率也很高。在双腿平衡测试中，两组均未出现显著改善。两组在动态平衡任务中均有所改善，尽管学习率没有明显差异。我们的研究结果表明静态和动态平衡成分之间存在相互关系。因此，训练方案应包括这两种平衡成分，以促进平衡能力的早期发展。
