Shilole Joseph Nyanda, Omari Rehema Bakari, Ruhighira Jacktan Josephat, Khamis Ahmed Gharib, Ntwenya Julius Edward
Department of Public Health, The University of Dodoma, Tanzania.
Department of Clinical Nursing, The University of Dodoma, Tanzania.
East Afr Health Res J. 2024;8(1):25-31. doi: 10.24248/eahrj.v8i1.745. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
Hypertension is the first contributor to the deaths caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. A change of lifestyle is recommended as an equal-first-line approach for controlling hypertension. However, the burden of uncontrolled hypertension remains high. This article describes the level of adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications among hypertensive patients in Tanzania.
The research was carried out from June to September 2020 using a cross-sectional study that involved an interviewer-administered questionnaire with 311 participants. These were patients with hypertension (> 18 years old) who were randomly selected from patients attending clinics during the study period. The lifestyle behaviours were assessed using the WHO Steps survey standard questionnaire. SPSS, version 26, was used to enter and analyse the data.
The mean age of hypertensive patients was 53.6 ± 7.5 years. Females were 58.8%. Only 17.7% had good compliance with the recommended lifestyle behaviours related to hypertension. Regular physical activities had 37.9% adherence, 99% adhered to non-smoking, 94.2% adhered to moderation of alcohol consumption, and 22.2% adhered to the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Patients with adequate knowledge were two times more likely to comply with the WHO recommended lifestyle behaviours (aOR=2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.082 to 3.471; ].
Most patients with hypertension had poor lifestyle behaviours for the management of hypertension, with varying level of adherence to the recommended life style changes.
高血压是全球非传染性疾病（NCDs）致死的首要因素。建议将生活方式改变作为控制高血压的同等一线治疗方法。然而，未控制的高血压负担仍然很高。本文描述了坦桑尼亚高血压患者对推荐的生活方式改变的依从程度。
该研究于2020年6月至9月进行，采用横断面研究，涉及一份由访谈员进行的问卷，共有311名参与者。这些是高血压患者（年龄>18岁），他们是在研究期间从就诊诊所的患者中随机选取的。生活方式行为采用世界卫生组织（WHO）的简易调查标准问卷进行评估。使用SPSS 26版软件录入和分析数据。
高血压患者的平均年龄为53.6±7.5岁。女性占58.8%。只有17.7%的患者对与高血压相关的推荐生活方式行为有良好的依从性。经常进行体育活动的依从率为37.9%，99%的人坚持不吸烟，94.2%的人坚持适度饮酒，22.2%的人坚持食用水果和蔬菜。具备足够知识的患者遵守WHO推荐的生活方式行为的可能性高出两倍（调整后比值比[aOR]=2.32；95%置信区间[CI]，1.082至3.471）。
大多数高血压患者在高血压管理方面的生活方式行为较差，对推荐的生活方式改变的依从程度各不相同。
