Kim Yuna, Kong Kyoung Ae
Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea; College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0136858. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136858. eCollection 2015.
Lifestyle modification is the first step in hypertension management. Our objective was to assess adherence to lifestyle recommendations by individuals who were aware of their hypertension and to identify characteristics associated with non-adherence. Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2010-2012, we compared the adherence to six lifestyle recommendations of hypertensive subjects aware of the status of their condition with that of those who were not aware, based on survey regression analysis. The characteristics associated with non-adherence were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Of all hypertensive subjects, <20% adhered to a healthy diet and reduced salt intake and about 80% moderated alcohol consumption and did not smoke. Half of all subjects maintained normal body weight and engaged in physical activity. Most lifestyle features of aware hypertensive Koreans did not differ greatly from those of hypertensive individuals who were not aware. Reduction in salt intake was slightly more prevalent among those aware of their hypertensive status. Obesity was more prevalent among the aware hypertensive subjects, and the prevalence of obesity increased with the duration of hypertension. Male gender, younger age, residence in a rural area, low income, and the use of antihypertensive medication were associated with non-adherence to lifestyle recommendations by hypertensive individuals. Many hypertensive Koreans do not comply with lifestyle recommendations for the management of hypertension. The association between the use of antihypertensive medications and non-adherence suggested an over-reliance on medication rather than a commitment to a healthy lifestyle. Our study highlights that efforts encouraging healthy lifestyles, as the first step in hypertension management, need to be increased.
生活方式的改变是高血压管理的第一步。我们的目标是评估知晓自己患有高血压的个体对生活方式建议的依从性，并确定与不依从相关的特征。利用2010 - 2012年韩国国家健康与营养检查调查的数据，基于调查回归分析，我们比较了知晓自己病情的高血压患者与不知晓者对六项生活方式建议的依从性。通过多元逻辑回归分析评估与不依从相关的特征。在所有高血压患者中，不到20%的人坚持健康饮食并减少盐摄入量，约80%的人适度饮酒且不吸烟。一半的患者保持正常体重并进行体育活动。知晓自己患有高血压的韩国人与不知晓的高血压患者的大多数生活方式特征差异不大。知晓自己高血压状况的人群中盐摄入量的减少略为普遍。肥胖在知晓自己患有高血压的患者中更为普遍，且肥胖患病率随高血压病程增加。男性、年轻、居住在农村地区、低收入以及使用抗高血压药物与高血压患者不遵守生活方式建议有关。许多韩国高血压患者不遵守高血压管理的生活方式建议。抗高血压药物的使用与不依从之间的关联表明过度依赖药物而非致力于健康的生活方式。我们的研究强调，作为高血压管理的第一步，需要加大鼓励健康生活方式的力度。
