靶向蛋白质组学研究自噬介导的蛋白质降解的选择性和复杂性。

Targeted proteomics addresses selectivity and complexity of protein degradation by autophagy.

作者信息

Leytens Alexandre, Benítez-Fernández Rocío, Jiménez-García Carlos, Roubaty Carole, Stumpe Michael, Boya Patricia, Dengjel Jörn

机构信息

Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.

Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.

出版信息

Autophagy. 2025 Feb;21(2):460-475. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2396792. Epub 2024 Sep 20.

Abstract

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a constitutively active catabolic lysosomal degradation pathway, often found dysregulated in human diseases. It is often considered to act in a cytoprotective manner and is commonly upregulated in cells undergoing stress. Its initiation is regulated at the protein level and does not require protein synthesis. Historically, autophagy has been regarded as nonselective; however, it is now clear that different stimuli can lead to the selective degradation of cellular components via selective autophagy receptors (SARs). Due to its selective nature and the existence of multiple degradation pathways potentially acting in concert, monitoring of autophagy flux, . selective autophagy-dependent protein degradation, should address this complexity. Here, we introduce a targeted proteomics approach monitoring abundance changes of 37 autophagy-related proteins covering process-relevant proteins such as the initiation complex and the Atg8-family protein lipidation machinery, as well as most known SARs. We show that proteins involved in autophagosome biogenesis are upregulated and spared from degradation under autophagy-inducing conditions in contrast to SARs, in a cell-line dependent manner. Classical bulk stimuli such as nutrient starvation mainly induce degradation of ubiquitin-dependent soluble SARs and not of ubiquitin-independent, membrane-bound SARs. In contrast, treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone leads to the degradation of ubiquitin-dependent and -independent SARs linked to mitophagy and reticulophagy/ER-phagy. Our approach is automatable and supports large-scale screening assays paving the way to (pre)clinical applications and monitoring of specific autophagy flux. AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; ATG: autophagy related; BafA1: bafilomycin A; BNIP1: BCL2 interacting protein 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L/NIX: BCL2 interacting protein 3-like; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CCPG1: cell cycle progression 1; CV: coefficients of variations; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; DFP: deferiprone; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FKBP8: FKBP prolyl isomerase 8; GABARAPL: GABA type A receptor associated protein like; LC: liquid chromatography; LOD: limit of detection; LOQ: limit of quantification; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MS: mass spectrometry; NCOA4: nuclear receptor coactivator 4; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NUFIP1: nuclear FMR1 interacting protein 1; OPTN: optineurin; PHB2: prohibitin 2; PNPLA2/ATGL: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2; POI: protein of interest; PTM: posttranslational modification; PRM: parallel reaction monitoring; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RETREG1/FAM134B: reticulophagy regulator 1; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; RTN3: reticulon 3; SARs: selective autophagy receptors; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STBD1: starch binding domain 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TNIP1: TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1; TOLLIP: toll interacting protein; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WBP2: WW domain binding protein 2; WDFY3/Alfy: WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 3; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.

摘要

巨自噬/自噬是一种组成性激活的溶酶体分解代谢途径,在人类疾病中常出现失调。它通常被认为以细胞保护的方式发挥作用,并且在经历应激的细胞中通常会上调。其起始在蛋白质水平受到调控,且不需要蛋白质合成。从历史上看,自噬被认为是非选择性的;然而,现在很清楚,不同的刺激可通过选择性自噬受体(SARs)导致细胞成分的选择性降解。由于其选择性本质以及可能协同作用的多种降解途径的存在,对自噬通量(即选择性自噬依赖性蛋白质降解)的监测应考虑到这种复杂性。在这里,我们介绍一种靶向蛋白质组学方法,用于监测37种自噬相关蛋白的丰度变化,这些蛋白涵盖了与过程相关的蛋白,如起始复合物和Atg8家族蛋白脂化机制,以及大多数已知的SARs。我们表明,与SARs不同,参与自噬体生物发生的蛋白在自噬诱导条件下会上调且免于降解,这具有细胞系依赖性。经典的大量刺激,如营养饥饿,主要诱导泛素依赖性可溶性SARs的降解,而不是泛素非依赖性的膜结合SARs的降解。相反,用铁螯合剂去铁酮处理会导致与线粒体自噬和网织红细胞自噬/内质网自噬相关的泛素依赖性和非依赖性SARs的降解。我们的方法是可自动化的,并支持大规模筛选分析,为(临床前)临床应用和特定自噬通量的监测铺平了道路。AMBRA1:自噬和Beclin 1调节因子1;ATG:自噬相关;BafA1:巴弗洛霉素A;BNIP1:BCL2相互作用蛋白1;BNIP3:BCL2相互作用蛋白3;BNIP3L/NIX:BCL2相互作用蛋白3样;CALCOCO2/NDP52:钙结合和卷曲螺旋结构域2;CCPG1:细胞周期进程1;CV:变异系数;CCCP:羰基氰化物间氯苯腙;DFP:去铁酮;ER:内质网;FKBP8:FKBP脯氨酰异构酶8;GABARAPL:GABA A型受体相关蛋白样;LC:液相色谱;LOD:检测限;LOQ:定量限;MAP1LC3:微管相关蛋白1轻链3;MS:质谱;NCOA4:核受体辅激活因子4;NBR1:NBR1自噬货物受体;NUFIP1:核FMR1相互作用蛋白1;OPTN:视黄醛结合蛋白;PHB2:抑制素2;PNPLA2/ATGL:含patatin样磷脂酶结构域2;POI:感兴趣的蛋白;PTM:翻译后修饰;PRM:平行反应监测;RB1CC1/FIP200:RB1诱导卷曲螺旋1;RETREG1/FAM134B:网织红细胞自噬调节因子1;RPS6KB1:核糖体蛋白S6激酶B1;RTN3:网织蛋白3;SARs:选择性自噬受体;SQSTM1/p62:聚集体蛋白1;STBD1:淀粉结合结构域1;TAX1BP1:Tax1结合蛋白1;TFEB:转录因子EB;TNIP1:TNFAIP3相互作用蛋白1;TOLLIP:Toll相互作用蛋白;ULK1:unc-51样自噬激活激酶1;WBP2:WW结构域结合蛋白2;WDFY3/Alfy:含WD重复和FYVE结构域3;WIPI2:WD重复结构域,磷酸肌醇相互作用2。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6fc3/11759517/71ca5e52ae7a/KAUP_A_2396792_F0001_C.jpg

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