Liao Hsiu-Jung, Yang Yi-Ping, Liu Yu-Hao, Tseng Huan-Chin, Huo Teh-Ia, Chiou Shih-Hwa, Chang Chih-Hung
Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Regen Ther. 2024 Aug 20;26:599-610. doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.08.001. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained attention as a promising therapeutic approach in both preclinical and clinical osteoarthritis (OA) settings. Various joint cell types, such as chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and tenocytes, can produce and release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which subsequently influence the biological activities of recipient cells. Recently, extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) have shown the potential to modulate various physiological and pathological processes through the modulation of cellular differentiation, immune responses, and tissue repair. This review explores the roles and therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs in OA and rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, and other degenerative diseases. Notably, we provide a comprehensive summary of exosome biogenesis, microRNA composition, mechanisms of intercellular transfer, and their evolving role in the highlight of exosome-based treatments in both preclinical and clinical avenues.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为一种在临床前和临床骨关节炎（OA）环境中都很有前景的治疗方法而受到关注。各种关节细胞类型，如软骨细胞、滑膜成纤维细胞、成骨细胞和肌腱细胞，都可以产生并释放细胞外囊泡（EVs），这些囊泡随后会影响受体细胞的生物学活性。最近，源自间充质干细胞的细胞外囊泡（MSC-EVs）已显示出通过调节细胞分化、免疫反应和组织修复来调节各种生理和病理过程的潜力。本综述探讨了MSC-EVs在OA和类风湿性关节炎、心血管疾病、年龄相关性黄斑变性、阿尔茨海默病及其他退行性疾病中的作用和治疗潜力。值得注意的是，我们全面总结了外泌体的生物发生、微小RNA组成、细胞间转移机制，以及它们在临床前和临床途径中基于外泌体治疗的突出作用中不断演变的角色。
