Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Int J Public Health. 2024 Aug 27;69:1607267. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607267. eCollection 2024.
Mental health is essential for overall health and is influenced by different social determinants. The aim of this paper was to examine which determinants are associated with mental health inequalities among people with selected citizenships in Germany.
Data were derived from the multilingual interview survey "German Health Update: Fokus (GEDA Fokus)" among adults with Croatian, Italian, Polish, Syrian, or Turkish citizenship (11/2021-05/2022). Poisson regressions were used to calculate prevalence ratios for symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety disorder (GAD-7).
Sociodemographic (sex, income, age, household size) and psychosocial (social support and self-reported discrimination) determinants were associated with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety disorder. The prevalence of mental disorders varied most by self-reported discrimination.
Our findings suggest mental health inequalities among people with selected citizenships living in Germany. To reduce these, social inequities and everyday discrimination need to be addressed in structural prevention measures as well as in interventions on the communal level. Protective factors (e.g., social support) are also important to reduce mental health inequalities on the individual and community level.
心理健康是整体健康的重要组成部分，受到不同社会决定因素的影响。本文旨在探讨在德国，哪些决定因素与特定公民身份的人群之间的心理健康不平等有关。
数据来自于多语言访谈调查“德国健康更新：聚焦（GEDA Fokus）”，其中包括克罗地亚、意大利、波兰、叙利亚和土耳其公民（2021 年 11 月至 2022 年 5 月）。采用泊松回归计算抑郁症状（PHQ-9）和焦虑障碍（GAD-7）的患病率比。
社会人口统计学（性别、收入、年龄、家庭规模）和心理社会因素（社会支持和自我报告的歧视）与抑郁和/或焦虑障碍的症状有关。自我报告的歧视与精神障碍的患病率差异最大。
我们的研究结果表明，在德国生活的具有特定公民身份的人群之间存在心理健康不平等现象。为了减少这种不平等，需要在结构预防措施以及社区层面的干预措施中解决社会不平等和日常歧视问题。保护因素（如社会支持）对于减少个人和社区层面的心理健康不平等也很重要。
