空间组学技术在原位 RNA 生物学中的应用进展
Spatial omics advances for in situ RNA biology.
机构信息
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
出版信息
Mol Cell. 2024 Oct 3;84(19):3737-3757. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.08.002. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
Spatial regulation of RNA plays a critical role in gene expression regulation and cellular function. Understanding spatially resolved RNA dynamics and translation is vital for bringing new insights into biological processes such as embryonic development, neurobiology, and disease pathology. This review explores past studies in subcellular, cellular, and tissue-level spatial RNA biology driven by diverse methodologies, ranging from cell fractionation, in situ and proximity labeling, imaging, spatially indexed next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, and spatially informed computational modeling. Particularly, recent advances have been made for near-genome-scale profiling of RNA and multimodal biomolecules at high spatial resolution. These methods enabled new discoveries into RNA's spatiotemporal kinetics, RNA processing, translation status, and RNA-protein interactions in cells and tissues. The evolving landscape of experimental and computational strategies reveals the complexity and heterogeneity of spatial RNA biology with subcellular resolution, heralding new avenues for RNA biology research.
RNA 的空间调控在基因表达调控和细胞功能中起着关键作用。了解空间分辨的 RNA 动态和翻译对于深入了解生物过程（如胚胎发育、神经生物学和疾病病理学）至关重要。本综述探讨了过去的研究，这些研究是由多种方法驱动的，包括亚细胞、细胞和组织水平的空间 RNA 生物学，这些方法包括细胞分离、原位和邻近标记、成像、空间索引下一代测序（NGS）方法以及空间信息计算建模。特别是，最近在高空间分辨率下对 RNA 和多模态生物分子进行了接近全基因组规模的分析。这些方法使人们能够对细胞和组织中的 RNA 时空动力学、RNA 加工、翻译状态和 RNA-蛋白质相互作用进行新的发现。实验和计算策略的不断发展揭示了具有亚细胞分辨率的空间 RNA 生物学的复杂性和异质性，为 RNA 生物学研究开辟了新的途径。
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