Shishparenok Anastasia N, Furman Vitalina V, Dobryakova Natalia V, Zhdanov Dmitry D
Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya St., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
The Center for Chemical Engineering, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Aug 30;16(17):2468. doi: 10.3390/polym16172468.
New carriers for protein immobilization are objects of interest in various fields of biomedicine. Immobilization is a technique used to stabilize and provide physical support for biological micro- and macromolecules and whole cells. Special efforts have been made to develop new materials for protein immobilization that are non-toxic to both the body and the environment, inexpensive, readily available, and easy to modify. Currently, biodegradable and non-toxic polymers, including cellulose, are widely used for protein immobilization. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer with excellent biocompatibility, purity, high porosity, high water uptake capacity, non-immunogenicity, and ease of production and modification. BC is composed of glucose units and does not contain lignin or hemicellulose, which is an advantage allowing the avoidance of the chemical purification step before use. Recently, BC-protein composites have been developed as wound dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, drug delivery systems, and enzyme immobilization matrices. Proteins or peptides are often added to polymeric scaffolds to improve their biocompatibility and biological, physical-chemical, and mechanical properties. To broaden BC applications, various ex situ and in situ modifications of native BC are used to improve its properties for a specific application. In vivo studies showed that several BC-protein composites exhibited excellent biocompatibility, demonstrated prolonged treatment time, and increased the survival of animals. Today, there are several patents and commercial BC-based composites for wounds and vascular grafts. Therefore, further research on BC-protein composites has great prospects. This review focuses on the major advances in protein immobilization on BC for biomedical applications.
用于蛋白质固定的新型载体是生物医学各个领域关注的对象。固定化是一种用于稳定生物小分子和大分子以及整个细胞并为其提供物理支持的技术。人们已经做出了特别的努力来开发用于蛋白质固定的新材料，这些材料对身体和环境均无毒、价格低廉、易于获得且易于修饰。目前，包括纤维素在内的可生物降解且无毒的聚合物被广泛用于蛋白质固定。细菌纤维素（BC）是一种天然聚合物，具有优异的生物相容性、纯度、高孔隙率、高吸水能力、无免疫原性以及易于生产和修饰等特点。BC由葡萄糖单元组成，不含木质素或半纤维素，这一优势使得在使用前无需进行化学纯化步骤。近年来，BC-蛋白质复合材料已被开发用作伤口敷料、组织工程支架、三维（3D）细胞培养系统、药物递送系统和酶固定化基质。蛋白质或肽通常被添加到聚合物支架中以改善其生物相容性以及生物学、物理化学和机械性能。为了拓宽BC的应用范围，人们对天然BC进行了各种异位和原位修饰，以改善其在特定应用中的性能。体内研究表明，几种BC-蛋白质复合材料表现出优异的生物相容性，治疗时间延长，动物存活率提高。如今，有多项关于伤口和血管移植物的基于BC的专利和商业复合材料。因此，对BC-蛋白质复合材料的进一步研究具有广阔的前景。本综述重点介绍了用于生物医学应用的蛋白质在BC上固定化的主要进展。
