Ratnawati Diah, Huda Mega H, Mukminin Muhammad A, Widyatuti Widyatuti, Setiawan Agus
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Faculy of Health Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia.
Narra J. 2024 Aug;4(2):e870. doi: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.870. Epub 2024 Jul 22.
The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents is on the rise due to a lack of comprehensive knowledge, leading to suboptimal attitudes and behaviors, which emphasizes the critical need for targeted interventions. The aim of this review study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions for HIV prevention among adolescents by assessing their impact on knowledge, attitude, and behavior. A systematic review of seven databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, JSTOR, Embase, Scopus, and EBSCO were identified, and 14 eligible randomized controlled trials published until June 2023 were included. Two independent authors assessed quality appraisal using the Risk of Bias 2.0. Outcomes were measured using the standard mean difference (SMD) with random effects model and a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to explore heterogeneity. The results showed significant improvements in participants' knowledge (SMD: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.78-1.49), behavior intentions (SMD: 1.22, 95%CI: 0.37-2.07), and attitude (SMD: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.02-0.95) after receiving HIV prevention education programs. Interventions grounded in theoretical principles and incorporating technology, group settings, and audio-visual aids were found to be effective in enhancing knowledge of HIV prevention and promoting behavioral intentions. Peer-led education positively impacted both knowledge and attitude. Moreover, excluding parents from these programs was identified as a crucial factor in improving adolescents' knowledge of HIV prevention. In conclusion, educational programs focused on HIV effectively enhance adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions among adolescents. Professionals planning interventions should consider these impactful components in designing comprehensive strategies.
由于缺乏全面的知识，青少年人群中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的流行率呈上升趋势，导致态度和行为不尽如人意，这凸显了针对性干预措施的迫切需求。本综述研究的目的是通过评估教育干预措施对青少年预防HIV的知识、态度和行为的影响，来评价其有效性。我们对七个数据库进行了系统检索：PubMed、Science Direct、Cochrane、JSTOR、Embase、Scopus和EBSCO，并纳入了截至2023年6月发表的14项符合条件的随机对照试验。两位独立作者使用偏倚风险2.0进行质量评估。采用随机效应模型和95%置信区间的标准平均差（SMD）来衡量结果。进行亚组分析和meta回归以探讨异质性。结果显示，在接受HIV预防教育项目后，参与者的知识（SMD：1.13，95%CI：0.78 - 1.49）、行为意图（SMD：1.22，95%CI：0.37 - 2.07）和态度（SMD：0.48，95%CI：0.02 - 0.95）有显著改善。基于理论原则并结合技术、小组活动和视听辅助工具的干预措施被发现能有效提高HIV预防知识并促进行为意图。同伴主导的教育对知识和态度都有积极影响。此外，将家长排除在这些项目之外被认为是提高青少年HIV预防知识的关键因素。总之，针对HIV的教育项目能有效提高青少年的知识、态度和行为意图。计划干预措施的专业人员在设计综合策略时应考虑这些有影响力的因素。
