Arman Ali, Attar Armin, Izadpanah Peyman, Bahja Hasan, Jeihooni Ali Khani
Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, TAHA Clinical trial group, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025 Jul 16;25(1):511. doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-04960-w.
Myocardial Infarction (MI) ranks among the major causes of death and disability globally. The modifiable risk factors are very important not only for its prevention, but also for its long-term management. Adherence to self-care plays a very important part in improving outcomes following MI. However, after MI, patient adherence declines over time. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a socio-psychological theory that can be a model to develop focused interventions which will improve self-care practices.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 140 post-MI patients in Fasa City, Iran (2023-2024). They were randomly allocated to the intervention (70) or control (70) group. Participants in the intervention group received a 10-session education program based on the TPB content related to self-care components. The control group only received standard care. Validated scales assessed self-care behavior, TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control), lifestyle modification and behavioral intention at baseline and 4-month follow-up.
There was no significant difference between both groups in terms of demographic and baseline variables and TPB domains (p > 0.05). However, at four months following the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in all evaluated variables compared to the control group (p < 0.001).
The TPB-based educational intervention can meaningfully improve the self-care behavior of MI patients. Future work should assess the sustainability over time of these changes, and the feasibility of using digital health technology to support enhanced patient compliance.
心肌梗死（MI）是全球主要的死亡和残疾原因之一。可改变的风险因素不仅对其预防非常重要，而且对其长期管理也很重要。坚持自我护理在改善心肌梗死后的预后方面起着非常重要的作用。然而，心肌梗死后，患者的依从性会随着时间的推移而下降。计划行为理论（TPB）是一种社会心理学理论，可以作为开发有针对性的干预措施的模型，以改善自我护理行为。
这项准实验研究于2023年至2024年在伊朗法萨市的140名心肌梗死后患者中进行。他们被随机分配到干预组（70名）或对照组（70名）。干预组的参与者接受了基于TPB中与自我护理组成部分相关内容的10节教育课程。对照组只接受标准护理。在基线和4个月随访时，使用经过验证的量表评估自我护理行为、TPB结构（态度、主观规范、感知行为控制）、生活方式改变和行为意图。
两组在人口统计学、基线变量和TPB领域方面没有显著差异（p>0.05）。然而，在干预后的四个月，与对照组相比，干预组在所有评估变量上都有显著改善（p<0.001）。
基于TPB的教育干预可以显著改善心肌梗死患者的自我护理行为。未来的工作应该评估这些变化的长期可持续性，以及使用数字健康技术支持提高患者依从性的可行性。
