Bashchobanov Dzhaner H, Stamatova Eva, Andonova Radina, Dragusheva Elena, Gadzhovska Veronika, Popov Georgi
Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, BGR.
Infectious Diseases, Sofiamed, Sofia, BGR.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 17;16(8):e67057. doi: 10.7759/cureus.67057. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Lyme disease (LD) can affect the skin, joints, heart, and nervous system as a multisystemic condition. The cause of the illness is the spirochete of the genus . These pathogens can affect the skin, joints, heart, and nervous system. Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is the term for the disease, which occurs when the nervous system gets involved. Regarding geographical distribution, LNB is more prevalent in Europe than in North America. The most significant change in pathogenesis is inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Furthermore, clinically, it can represent a variety of neurological manifestations, such as meningitis, encephalitis, radiculopathies, and cranial neuritis. However, dementia-like syndrome is an infrequent manifestation of Lyme disease. Our review article aims to summarize the similarities and differences between dementia-like syndrome in LNB and that in primary neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to look for a correlation between the pathogenesis of the disease and the possibility of developing dementia-like syndrome. The world literature lacks sufficiently convincing data on the relationship between spirochete infection and primary dementia syndromes. However, cases of secondary dementia syndrome due to nervous system involvement as well as post-treatment have been described. A thorough examination, medical history, laboratory and imaging studies, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, MRI, and fludeoxyglucose-18-positron emission tomography (FGD-PET) are required to differentiate between these syndromes.
莱姆病（LD）作为一种多系统疾病，可影响皮肤、关节、心脏和神经系统。该病的病因是螺旋体属的螺旋体。这些病原体可影响皮肤、关节、心脏和神经系统。莱姆神经疏螺旋体病（LNB）是指当神经系统受累时发生的疾病。在地理分布方面，LNB在欧洲比在北美更为普遍。发病机制中最显著的变化是中枢神经系统（CNS）和周围神经系统（PNS）的炎症。此外，在临床上，它可表现为多种神经学表现，如脑膜炎、脑炎、神经根病和颅神经炎。然而，痴呆样综合征是莱姆病的罕见表现。我们的综述文章旨在总结LNB中的痴呆样综合征与原发性神经退行性疾病中的痴呆样综合征之间的异同，并寻找该疾病的发病机制与发生痴呆样综合征可能性之间的相关性。关于螺旋体感染与原发性痴呆综合征之间的关系，世界文献缺乏足够有说服力的数据。然而，已经描述了由于神经系统受累以及治疗后导致的继发性痴呆综合征病例。需要进行全面检查、病史询问、实验室和影像学研究、脑脊液（CSF）检查、MRI以及氟脱氧葡萄糖-18-正电子发射断层扫描（FGD-PET）来区分这些综合征。
