Mei Jie, Jiang Xue-Yao, Tian Hui-Xiang, Rong Ding-Chao, Song Jia-Nan, Wang Luozixian, Chen Yuan-Shen, Wong Raymond C B, Guo Cheng-Xian, Wang Lian-Sheng, Wang Lei-Yun, Wang Peng-Yuan, Yin Ji-Ye
Department of Clinical Pharmacology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China.
Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics Central South University Changsha Hunan China.
MedComm (2020). 2024 Sep 15;5(10):e718. doi: 10.1002/mco2.718. eCollection 2024 Oct.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) governs a wide spectrum of cellular fate processes, with a particular emphasis on anoikis, an integrin-dependent form of cell death. Currently, anoikis is defined as an intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast to traditional apoptosis and necroptosis, integrin correlates ECM signaling with intracellular signaling cascades, describing the full process of anoikis. However, anoikis is frequently overlooked in physiological and pathological processes as well as traditional in vitro research models. In this review, we summarized the role of anoikis in physiological and pathological processes, spanning embryonic development, organ development, tissue repair, inflammatory responses, cardiovascular diseases, tumor metastasis, and so on. Similarly, in the realm of stem cell research focused on the functional evolution of cells, anoikis offers a potential solution to various challenges, including in vitro cell culture models, stem cell therapy, cell transplantation, and engineering applications, which are largely based on the regulation of cell fate by anoikis. More importantly, the regulatory mechanisms of anoikis based on molecular processes and ECM signaling will provide new strategies for therapeutic interventions (drug therapy and cell-based therapy) in disease. In summary, this review provides a systematic elaboration of anoikis, thus shedding light on its future research.
细胞外基质（ECM）掌控着广泛的细胞命运过程，尤其着重于失巢凋亡，这是一种依赖整合素的细胞死亡形式。目前，失巢凋亡被定义为一种内源性细胞凋亡。与传统的细胞凋亡和坏死性凋亡不同，整合素将ECM信号与细胞内信号级联相关联，阐述了失巢凋亡的完整过程。然而，在生理和病理过程以及传统的体外研究模型中，失巢凋亡常常被忽视。在这篇综述中，我们总结了失巢凋亡在生理和病理过程中的作用，涵盖胚胎发育、器官发育、组织修复、炎症反应、心血管疾病、肿瘤转移等方面。同样，在专注于细胞功能进化的干细胞研究领域，失巢凋亡为各种挑战提供了潜在的解决方案，包括体外细胞培养模型、干细胞治疗、细胞移植和工程应用等，这些在很大程度上都基于失巢凋亡对细胞命运的调控。更重要的是，基于分子过程和ECM信号的失巢凋亡调控机制将为疾病的治疗干预（药物治疗和细胞治疗）提供新的策略。总之，这篇综述对失巢凋亡进行了系统阐述，从而为其未来研究提供了思路。
