Building consensus on clinical outcome assessments for BCI devices. A summary of the 10th BCI society meeting 2023 workshop.

: The 10th International brain computer interface (BCI) Society Meeting, 'Balancing Innovation and Translation', was held from the 6th to 9th of June 2023 in Brussels, Belgium. This report provides a summary of the workshop ''. This workshop was intended to give participants an overview of the current state of BCI, future opportunities, and how different countries and regions provide regulatory oversight to support the BCI community to develop safe and effective devices for patients.: Five presentations and a panel discussion including representatives from regulators, industry, and clinical research stakeholders focused on how various stakeholders and the BCI community might best work together to ensure studies provide data that is useful for evaluating safety and effectiveness, including reaching consensus on COAs that represent clinically meaningful benefits and support regulatory and payor requirements. This report focuses on the regulatory and reimbursement requirements for medical devices and how to best measure safety and effectiveness and summarizes the presentations from five experts and the discussion between the panel and the audience.: Consensus was reached on the following items specifically related to BCI: (i) the importance of and need for a new generation of COAs, (ii) the challenges facing the development of appropriate clinical outcome assessments, and (iii) that improvements in COAs should demonstrate obvious and clinically meaningful benefit(s). There was discussion on: (i) clinical trial design for BCIs and (ii) considerations for payor reimbursement and other funding.: Whilst the importance of building community consensus on COAs was apparent, further collaboration will be required to reach consensus on which specific current and/or novel COAs could be used for the BCI field to evolve from research to market.