Islam A N M Shamsul, Sultana Hafiza, Nazmul Hassan Refat Md, Farhana Zaki, Abdulbasah Kamil Anton, Meshbahur Rahman Mohammad
Department of Public Health & Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive & Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Health Education, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Prev Med Rep. 2024 Sep 5;46:102882. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102882. eCollection 2024 Oct.
The World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs target 3.4) identifies non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as a key challenge for sustainable development. As one of the major NCD risks, here, we estimated the prevalence of overweight/obesity in adults and assessed country-economic variations using -analysis.
The latest STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) report of WHO member states studied on overweight/obesity from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed and related data were assessed further. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was pooled using the random effects model. The subgroup analysis and -regression were performed based on countries' economic status obtained from the World Bank's country development index 2019. Study heterogeneity and publication bias were also observed.
Out of 73 studies with 469,766 participants analyzed, the highest overweight/obesity prevalence was found in American Samoa (93.5 %), while Democratic People's Republic of Korea had the lowest prevalence (4.4 %). The overall weighted pooled prevalence of overweight/obesity regardless of countries economic status was 37.0 % [95 % CI: 33 %-42 %]. There was significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of overweight/obesity (I2 = 99.91 %; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence in high-income countries [60 %; 95 % CI: 47 %-72 %]. Meta-regression revealed a significant (p = 0.001) association and a 14 % increase chance of having overweight/obesity with increasing economic status.
The prevalence of overweight/obesity is high worldwide, especially in high-income countries that demands a large-scale awareness campaigns and effective initiatives to control overweight/obesity and the associated risk factors of adults of these countries.
世界卫生组织（WHO）的《2030年可持续发展目标议程》（可持续发展目标3.4）将非传染性疾病（NCDs）确定为可持续发展的一项关键挑战。作为主要的非传染性疾病风险之一，在此，我们估计了成年人超重/肥胖的患病率，并使用分析评估了国家经济差异。
对世界卫生组织成员国2000年至2020年关于超重/肥胖的最新非传染性疾病风险因素监测逐步方法（STEPS）报告进行了审查，并对相关数据进行了进一步评估。使用随机效应模型汇总超重/肥胖的患病率。基于从世界银行2019年国家发展指数获得的国家经济状况进行亚组分析和回归分析。还观察了研究的异质性和发表偏倚。
在分析的73项研究中的469,766名参与者中，美属萨摩亚的超重/肥胖患病率最高（93.5%），而朝鲜民主主义人民共和国的患病率最低（4.4%）。无论国家经济状况如何，超重/肥胖的总体加权合并患病率为37.0%[95%置信区间：33%-42%]。超重/肥胖患病率存在显著异质性（I2 = 99.91%；p < 0.001）。亚组分析显示高收入国家的患病率较高[60%；95%置信区间：47%-72%]。Meta回归显示存在显著关联（p = 0.001），并且随着经济状况的增加，超重/肥胖的几率增加14%。
超重/肥胖在全球范围内患病率很高，尤其是在高收入国家，这需要开展大规模的提高认识运动和有效举措，以控制这些国家成年人的超重/肥胖及相关风险因素。
