Gomez-Fernandez-Blanco Carlos, Peeters Dominique, Farnir Frédéric, Höglund Katja, Gouni Vassiliki, Wiberg Maria, Lundgren Willesen Jakob, Hanås Sofia, McEntee Kathleen, Tiret Laurent, Häggström Jens, Lohi Hannes, Chetboul Valérie, Fredholm Merete, Seppälä Eija, Lequarré Anne-Sophie, German Alexander James, Merveille Anne-Christine
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Department of Sustainable Animal Resources, FARAH, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Sep 4;11:1406322. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1406322. eCollection 2024.
Serum triglyceride concentrations increase in dogs with obesity, which is typically assessed by body condition score (BCS), however little is known about changes that take place in non-obese dogs in overweight condition. Further, the associations of triglyceride levels with other markers of energy homeostasis are poorly characterised in healthy animals. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between both BCS and triglyceride concentrations with other markers of lipid and glucose metabolism in healthy, non-obese dogs, as well as to assess whether these markers change significantly in non-obese dogs with overweight as compared to their lean counterparts. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides, insulin, glucose and fructosamine were measured in 532 healthy, client-owned dogs, assigned either to 'lean' (BCS: 3-5) or 'overweight' (BCS: 6-7) categories. Generalised linear mixed models were used to assess associations between BCS categories, triglyceride concentrations and other variables, correcting for the effect of breed. Compared with lean dogs, overweight dogs had a greater serum cholesterol concentration (95% CI, 5.3-6.2 mmol/L or 205-237 mg/dL versus 5.1-5.4 mmol/L or 198-210 mg/dL, = 0.0032), insulin concentration (95% CI, 17.5-22.1 μU/ml versus 16.7-18.0 μU/ml, = 0.0374) and were older (95% CI, 4.0-5.3 versus 3.4-3.7 years, = 0.0005). Triglyceride concentrations were positively associated with fructosamine ( = 0.31, = 0.0012), cholesterol ( = 0.25, < 0.0001), insulin ( = 0.14, = 0.0030) and glucose ( = 0.10, = 0.0014) concentrations, and negatively associated with free fatty acid concentrations ( = 0.11, < 0.0001). However, there was no association between triglyceride concentrations and age. In conclusion, both BCS and triglyceride concentrations were associated with other markers of glucose and lipid metabolism in non-obese healthy dogs, amongst which those with overweight showed metabolic changes as compared to their lean counterparts. Triglyceride concentrations were associated with an increase in insulin and fructosamine concentrations that might reflect an early-phase impairment in glucose tolerance which, surprisingly, was concurrent with lower basal free fatty acid concentrations.
肥胖犬的血清甘油三酯浓度会升高，肥胖通常通过体况评分（BCS）来评估，然而对于体重超重但不肥胖的犬只体内发生的变化却知之甚少。此外，在健康动物中，甘油三酯水平与能量稳态的其他标志物之间的关联也鲜有描述。本研究旨在评估健康、非肥胖犬只的体况评分和甘油三酯浓度与脂质和葡萄糖代谢的其他标志物之间的关联，并评估与体型偏瘦的非肥胖犬相比，体重超重的非肥胖犬的这些标志物是否有显著变化。对532只健康的、由客户饲养的犬只进行了血清胆固醇、游离脂肪酸、甘油三酯、胰岛素、葡萄糖和果糖胺浓度的检测，这些犬只被分为“偏瘦”（BCS：3 - 5）或“超重”（BCS：6 - 7）两类。使用广义线性混合模型来评估BCS类别、甘油三酯浓度与其他变量之间的关联，并校正品种的影响。与偏瘦的犬相比，超重的犬血清胆固醇浓度更高（95%置信区间，5.3 - 6.2 mmol/L或205 - 237 mg/dL，而偏瘦犬为5.1 - 5.4 mmol/L或198 - 210 mg/dL，P = 0.0032）、胰岛素浓度更高（95%置信区间，17.5 - 22.1 μU/ml，而偏瘦犬为16.7 - 18.0 μU/ml，P = 0.0374）且年龄更大（95%置信区间，4.0 - 5.3岁，而偏瘦犬为3.4 - 3.7岁，P = 0.0005）。甘油三酯浓度与果糖胺（P = 0.31，P = 0.0012）、胆固醇（P = 0.25，P < 0.0001）、胰岛素（P = 0.14，P = 0.0030）和葡萄糖（P = 0.10，P = 0.0014）浓度呈正相关，与游离脂肪酸浓度呈负相关（P = 0.11，P < 0.0001）。然而，甘油三酯浓度与年龄之间没有关联。总之，在非肥胖健康犬中，体况评分和甘油三酯浓度均与葡萄糖和脂质代谢的其他标志物相关，其中体重超重的犬与体型偏瘦的犬相比表现出代谢变化。甘油三酯浓度与胰岛素和果糖胺浓度的升高相关，这可能反映了葡萄糖耐量的早期损害，令人惊讶的是，这与较低的基础游离脂肪酸浓度同时出现。
