INTRODUCTION: The term 'chronic inflammatory arthritis' (IA) can be used to define a group of heterogeneous diseases in which inflammation of the synovium is the common feature while having different pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. This condition can be found in osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and hemophilic arthropathy (HA). AIM: The objective is to try to highlight similarities and differences in the three pathological conditions and understand both molecular and physiological mechanisms. METHOD: We have carried out a systematic review of the available literature following the guidelines Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). RESULTS: By comparing the data in the literature on OA, RA, and HA we have shown that the three pathologies differ in initial etiology but they motivate the same molecular pathways. CONCLUSION: In this review we highlighted the similarities and differences between these diseases, creating ideas for future studies both in vivo and in vitro to develop new therapeutic agents and suggest possible biomarkers to follow the evolution and severity of the disease.