Moore Andrew R, Hutchinson Jasmin C, Winter Christa, Dalton Paul C, Bolgla Lori A, Paolone Vincent J
Department of Kinesiology, Augusta University, 1120 15 St. Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
Department of Exercise Science & Athletic Training, Springfield College, 263 Alden St., Springfield, MA, 01109, USA.
Sports Med Health Sci. 2024 Feb 1;6(4):394-401. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.008. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Listening to music manipulates attention to be more externally focused, which has the potential to improve muscular efficiency. This study aimed to determine the effect of listening to music on muscle activation during an isometric exercise task, and compare this effect to those of other attentional focus conditions. Apparently healthy subjects ( = 35; 16 men/19 women) completed an isometric elbow flexion task for 1 min in three randomized and counterbalanced conditions: internal focus (INT), external focus with a simple distraction task (EXT), or listening to music (MUS). Muscle activation of the biceps and triceps brachii and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout the exercise tasks. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, and motivation were measured at the end of each trial. There was no difference in muscle activation measures among the three conditions. HR during MUS was lower than EXT at 15 s ([89.4 ± 11.8] beats/min vs. [93.1 ± 12.9] beats/min; = 0.018) and 30 s ([90.6 ± 12.4] beats/min vs. [94.2 ± 12.5] beats/min; = 0.026), and lower than INT at 60 s ([93.3 ± 13.3] beats/min vs. [96.7 ± 12.0] beats/min; = 0.016). Overall RPE was higher for INT (13.4 ± 2.2) than for MUS ([12.6 ± 2.0]; = 0.020) and EXT ([11.94 ± 2.22]; < 0.001). Affective valence was higher for MUS than for INT ([2.7 ± 1.4] vs. [2.1 ± 1.5]; = 0.011). Manipulating attentional focus did not alter muscle activation for a light-intensity isometric muscular endurance task, though MUS was reported as more positive and requiring less exertion to complete than INT. Using music can therefore be recommended during light-intensity isometric exercise based on the psychological benefits observed.
听音乐能使注意力更多地集中于外部，这有可能提高肌肉效率。本研究旨在确定听音乐对等长运动任务中肌肉激活的影响，并将这种影响与其他注意力焦点条件下的影响进行比较。表面健康的受试者（n = 35；16名男性/19名女性）在三种随机且平衡的条件下完成了1分钟的等长屈肘任务：内部焦点（INT）、伴有简单分心任务的外部焦点（EXT）或听音乐（MUS）。在整个运动任务过程中记录肱二头肌和肱三头肌的肌肉激活情况以及心率（HR）。在每个试验结束时测量主观用力感觉评分（RPE）、情感效价和动机。三种条件下的肌肉激活测量结果没有差异。在15秒时，MUS组的HR低于EXT组（[89.4 ± 11.8]次/分钟 vs. [93.1 ± 12.9]次/分钟；p = 0.018）和30秒时（[90.6 ± 12.4]次/分钟 vs. [94.2 ± 12.5]次/分钟；p = 0.026），在60秒时低于INT组（[93.3 ± 13.3]次/分钟 vs. [96.7 ± 12.0]次/分钟；p = 0.016）。总体而言，INT组的RPE（13.4 ± 2.2）高于MUS组（[12.6 ± 2.0]；p = 0.020）和EXT组（[11.94 ± 2.22]；p < 0.001）。MUS组的情感效价高于INT组（[2.7 ± 1.4] vs. [2.1 ± 1.5]；p = 0.011）。对于轻度等长肌肉耐力任务，改变注意力焦点并未改变肌肉激活情况，尽管与INT组相比，MUS组被报告为更积极且完成任务所需的努力更少。因此，基于观察到的心理益处，在轻度等长运动期间可以推荐使用音乐。
