Elliott Jane, Green Judith
International Inequalities Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.
Department of Social and Political Sciences, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK.
Aging Health Res. 2024 Sep;4(3):None. doi: 10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100204.
Physical activity and everyday mobility are concepts that overlap but tend to be located in different disciplinary fields. We used the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) to: identify whether physical activity and everyday mobility are separate constructs at younger (60-69) and/or older (>=70) age bands, and for men and women; derive measures of the two constructs from variables in the ELSA; and assess whether they are independently associated with quality of life (QoL).
We derived composite measures for physical activity and everyday mobility from ELSA variables. 'Physical Activity' combined items recording directly-measured activity for movement (walk-speed) and self-report measures of physical mobility difficulties and amount of vigorous, moderate and mild physical activity undertaken. 'Everyday Mobility' combined self-report responses about activities likely to involve leaving the house. QoL was measured using the 'CASP-19' scale. Using Wave 9 of ELSA (data collection in 2018-2020), we used a factor analysis to explore the constructs, and a regression analysis to examine associations with QoL.
The factor analysis confirmed that these were discrete constructs, which explained between them 36% of the variance. This was robust across age bands, and in factor analyses for men and women separately. The regression analysis identified that lower physical activity and everyday mobility are independently associated with lower QoL, when controlling for a range of contextual variables including age.
Findings suggest that a social model of QoL at older age should focus on the broader mobility determinants of QoL as well as individual levels of physical activity.
身体活动和日常活动能力是两个相互重叠但往往分属于不同学科领域的概念。我们利用英国老年纵向研究（ELSA）来：确定身体活动和日常活动能力在较年轻（60 - 69岁）和/或较年长（≥70岁）年龄组以及男性和女性中是否为独立的概念；从ELSA的变量中得出这两个概念的测量指标；并评估它们是否与生活质量（QoL）独立相关。
我们从ELSA变量中得出身体活动和日常活动能力的综合测量指标。“身体活动”综合了记录直接测量的运动活动（步行速度）以及身体活动困难的自我报告测量指标，还有进行的剧烈、中等和轻度身体活动量的指标。“日常活动能力”综合了关于可能涉及离家活动的自我报告回答。使用“CASP - 19”量表测量生活质量。利用ELSA的第9波数据（2018 - 2020年数据收集），我们进行了因子分析以探索这些概念，并进行回归分析以检验与生活质量的关联。
因子分析证实这些是离散的概念，它们共同解释了36%的方差。这在各年龄组中以及分别对男性和女性进行的因子分析中都是稳健的。回归分析表明，在控制包括年龄在内的一系列背景变量时，较低的身体活动和日常活动能力与较低的生活质量独立相关。
研究结果表明，老年生活质量的社会模型应关注生活质量更广泛的活动能力决定因素以及个体的身体活动水平。
