Zhang Panpan, Lin Wenqiong, Li Songyao, Li Yaru, Wei Jili, Zhang Huiyi, Zhang Bo, Fang Ziru, Guo Rui, Zhang Hongmei
Nursing Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
Nursing Department, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Psychol. 2024 Sep 9;15:1450334. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1450334. eCollection 2024.
Specialty nurses play a crucial role in specialized nursing practice, teaching, management, and research. These nurses often face significant work pressure; therefore, scientifically and effectively assessing their job stress and its sources is vital for enhancing the quality of their work. However, there is currently a dearth of verified assessment tools for measuring job stressors among specialty nurses. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and test an instrument to assess the job stressors applicable to specialty nurses.
We conducted a multiphase mixed-methods study. The initial scale items were developed from a literature review and structured interviews. The scale was then refined through two rounds of expert consultation ( = 14) and a primary test ( = 20). A main survey ( = 552) was then conducted to evaluate the scale's construct validity and reliability using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
The final scale comprises four dimensions with 27 items. The factors included "specialized nursing and work," "workload and time allocation," "patient care," and "work resources and environment." The EFA explained 69.10% of the variance, while the CFA confirmed a good model fit. The content validity index was 0.980 at the scale level and 0.790-1.000 at the item level. The scale's reliability was supported by its high Cronbach's (0.958), test-retest reliability (0.946), and split-half reliability (0.868).
Our findings indicate that the job stressor scale developed in this study is valid and reliable, and is recommended for use among specialty nurses to assess their stressors.
专科护士在专科护理实践、教学、管理和研究中发挥着关键作用。这些护士经常面临巨大的工作压力；因此，科学有效地评估他们的工作压力及其来源对于提高他们的工作质量至关重要。然而，目前缺乏经过验证的用于测量专科护士工作压力源的评估工具。因此，本研究旨在开发和测试一种适用于专科护士的工作压力源评估工具。
我们进行了一项多阶段混合方法研究。最初的量表项目是通过文献综述和结构化访谈制定的。然后通过两轮专家咨询（n = 14）和一次预测试（n = 20）对量表进行完善。随后进行了一项主要调查（n = 552），使用验证性因素分析（CFA）和探索性因素分析（EFA）来评估量表的结构效度和信度。
最终量表包括四个维度，共27个项目。这些因素包括“专科护理与工作”、“工作量与时间分配”、“患者护理”以及“工作资源与环境”。探索性因素分析解释了69.10%的方差变异，而验证性因素分析证实模型拟合良好。量表层面的内容效度指数为0.980，项目层面为0.790 - 1.000。量表的信度得到了高Cronbach's α系数（0.958）、重测信度（0.946）和分半信度（0.868）的支持。
我们的研究结果表明，本研究开发的工作压力源量表有效且可靠，建议用于专科护士以评估他们的压力源。
