Piazza Stephen J
Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 Sep 6;11(9):896. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11090896.
Three-dimensional motion analysis performed in the modern gait analysis laboratory provides a wealth of information about the kinematics and kinetics of human locomotion, but standard gait analysis is largely restricted to joint-level measures. Three-dimensional joint rotations, joint moments, and joint powers tell us a great deal about gait mechanics, but it is often of interest to know about the roles that muscles play. This narrative review surveys work that has been done, largely over the past four decades, to augment standard gait analysis with muscle-level assessments of function. Often, these assessments have incorporated additional technology such as ultrasound imaging, or complex modeling and simulation techniques. The review discusses measurements of muscle moment arm during walking along with assessment of muscle mechanical advantage, muscle-tendon lengths, and the use of induced acceleration analysis to determine muscle roles. In each section of the review, examples are provided of how the auxiliary analyses have been used to gain potentially useful information about normal and pathological human walking. While this work highlights the potential benefits of adding various measures to gait analysis, it is acknowledged that challenges to implementation remain, such as the need for specialized knowledge and the potential for bias introduced by model choices.
在现代步态分析实验室进行的三维运动分析可提供大量有关人类运动学和动力学的信息，但标准步态分析在很大程度上局限于关节水平的测量。三维关节旋转、关节力矩和关节功率能让我们深入了解步态力学，但了解肌肉所起的作用往往也很重要。这篇叙述性综述概述了过去四十年来为通过肌肉功能水平评估来补充标准步态分析所做的工作。通常，这些评估采用了诸如超声成像等额外技术，或复杂的建模与模拟技术。该综述讨论了行走过程中肌肉力臂的测量，以及肌肉机械优势、肌腱长度的评估，还有利用诱导加速度分析来确定肌肉作用。在综述的每个部分，都给出了辅助分析如何用于获取有关正常和病理性人类行走潜在有用信息的示例。虽然这项工作突出了在步态分析中添加各种测量的潜在益处，但也承认实施过程中仍存在挑战，比如需要专业知识以及模型选择可能引入偏差。
