Ventero Maria Paz, Marin Clara, Migura-Garcia Lourdes, Tort-Miro Carla, Giler Noemi, Gomez Inmaculada, Escribano Isabel, Marco-Fuertes Ana, Montoro-Dasi Laura, Lorenzo-Rebenaque Laura, Vega Santiago, Pérez-Gracia Maria Teresa, Rodríguez Juan Carlos
Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain.
Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Sep 13;13(9):883. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13090883.
Antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to global health and food security and is primarily driven by antimicrobial use in human and veterinary medicine. Understanding its epidemiology at farm level is crucial for effective control measures. Despite the significant reduction in antibiotic use in conventional livestock production, the swine sector traditionally has a higher level of antibiotic use in veterinary medicine. Consequently, multidrug resistance (MDR) among microbial isolates of swine origin has been relatively frequent. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, enteric pathogens and resistance genes to the main antibiotics used in clinical practice, both within the environment and in animals across pig farms characterized by varying degrees of sanitary status. A total of 274 samples were collected. Of these, 34 samples were collected from the environment (wall swabs, slat swabs and slurry pit), and 240 samples were collected from animals (sows' and piglets' rectal faeces). All samples were analysed for MDR bacteria and enteric pathogens. The study revealed a high frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing and spp., with ESBL-producing predominating in high health status farms (environment and animals) and spp. in both high health status and low health status environments. Additionally, a high percentage of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) was found, mainly in environmental samples from high health status farms, and was distributed ubiquitously among farms and samples. Furthermore, though less frequently, vancomycin-resistant (VRE) was isolated only in high health status farms, and Gram-negative bacilli resistant to carbapenems were isolated only in environmental samples of high health status and low health status farms. This study underscores the importance of surveillance for MDR bacteria in farm animals and their environment, including their waste. Such ecosystems serve as crucial reservoirs of bacteria, requiring national-level surveillance to promote responsible antibiotic use and pandemic control.
抗菌药物耐药性对全球健康和粮食安全构成重大威胁，其主要驱动力是人类医学和兽医学中抗菌药物的使用。了解其在农场层面的流行病学情况对于采取有效的控制措施至关重要。尽管传统畜牧生产中抗生素使用量大幅减少，但养猪业在兽医学中传统上抗生素使用水平较高。因此，猪源微生物分离株中的多重耐药（MDR）情况相对较为常见。本研究的目的是评估具有不同卫生状况特征的养猪场的环境和动物体内多重耐药（MDR）细菌、肠道病原体以及对临床实践中主要使用的抗生素的耐药基因的存在情况。总共收集了274个样本。其中，34个样本从环境中采集（墙壁拭子、板条拭子和粪池），240个样本从动物身上采集（母猪和仔猪的直肠粪便）。所有样本均分析了MDR细菌和肠道病原体。研究发现，产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的[细菌名称]和[细菌名称]频率较高，产ESBL的[细菌名称]在高健康状况的农场（环境和动物）中占主导，而[细菌名称]在高健康状况和低健康状况环境中均有。此外，发现高比例的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA），主要存在于高健康状况农场的环境样本中，[细菌名称]在各农场和样本中普遍存在。此外，虽然频率较低，但仅在高健康状况农场中分离出耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE），仅在高健康状况和低健康状况农场的环境样本中分离出对碳青霉烯类耐药的革兰氏阴性杆菌。本研究强调了监测农场动物及其环境（包括其粪便）中MDR细菌的重要性。此类生态系统是细菌的重要储存库，需要国家层面的监测，以促进负责任的抗生素使用和疫情控制。
