Kundu Reetu, Bansal Yashik, Singla Nidhi
Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
Department of Microbiology, MM College of Medical Sciences and Research, Sadopur, Ambala 134007, India.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Sep 15;14(18):2050. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14182050.
Zoonotic diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites and they comprise about 75% of all emerging infectious diseases. These can be transmitted via the direct (scratches on skin or animal bites) or indirect mode (through environmental shedding of infectious agent by the infected animal) of transmission. Environmental changes, whether in the form of urbanization, industrialization or destruction of wildlife habitats, lead to more human invasion in wildlife areas, subsequently leading to an increased passage of animals towards human dwellings and more exposure to animals, making humans susceptible to these infections. Climate change is another major factor. Global warming and the evolving thermotolerance of fungi, adapting more to human body temperature than their saprophytic nature, is leading to the emergence of humans as new hosts for fungi. The domestication of animals, rising populations, enhanced tourism, migratory populations, intrusions into wildlife, etc., are other known factors. Zoonotic fungal infections have long been neglected and are now gaining due attention. In this review, we briefly discuss the various aspects currently known for zoonotic fungal infections and bring forth the importance of this particular issue to be addressed in a timely manner.
人畜共患疾病由病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫引起，约占所有新出现传染病的75%。这些疾病可通过直接传播方式（皮肤抓伤或动物咬伤）或间接传播方式（受感染动物在环境中散播传染源）进行传播。环境变化，无论是城市化、工业化还是野生动物栖息地遭到破坏的形式，都会导致人类更多地侵入野生动物区域，进而导致动物更多地靠近人类住所并增加与动物的接触，使人类易受这些感染。气候变化是另一个主要因素。全球变暖以及真菌不断演变的耐热性，使其比腐生特性更适应人体温度，导致人类成为真菌的新宿主。动物驯化、人口增长、旅游业发展、流动人口、侵入野生动物栖息地等也是已知因素。人畜共患真菌病长期以来一直被忽视，现在正受到应有的关注。在本综述中，我们简要讨论了目前已知的人畜共患真菌感染的各个方面，并强调了及时解决这一特殊问题的重要性。
