Wang Mei, Monaco Marcia H, Daniels Victoria C, Hirvonen Johanna, Jensen Henrik Max, Ouwehand Arthur C, Mukherjea Ratna, Christensen Niels, Lehtinen Markus J, Hibberd Ashley A, Dilger Ryan N, Donovan Sharon M
Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
J Nutr. 2025 Feb;155(2):509-522. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.022. Epub 2024 Dec 27.
BACKGROUND: Human milk is a source of oligosaccharides that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, which can utilize human milk oligosaccharides. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the individual and combined effects of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), B. infantis Bi-26 (Bi-26) on piglet gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. METHODS: Intact male pigs (n = 63) had ad libitum access to milk replacer without (control; CON) or with 1.0 g/L 2'-FL (FL) from postnatal day 2 to 34/35. Pigs were further stratified to receive either 12% glycerol or 10 CFU/d Bi-26 in glycerol (BI and FLBI). Gut microbiota and SCFA concentrations were determined in ascending colon contents (AC) and rectal contents (RC) by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. Microbiota composition and functional profiles were analyzed using QIIME 2 and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States-2 (PICRUSt2). RESULTS: Supplementation of 2'-FL increased valerate concentration in AC (P = 0.03) and tended to modulate the overall bacterial composition in RC (P = 0.06). Compared with CON, 2'-FL alone increased the acetate concentration in AC (P < 0.05). The addition of Bi-26 decreased Shannon indices and reduced propionate and butyrate concentrations in AC (P < 0.05). Bi-26 alone affected the relative abundances of several bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in AC and RC, including the ASVs identified as Phocaeicola (Bacteroides) vulgatus and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Additionally, 2'-FL and Bi-26 individually increased the relative abundances of 9 PICRUSt2-predicted metabolic pathways related to fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis or carboxylate degradation/secondary metabolite degradation in the RC; however, these effects were negated, and the values were identical to the CON group when 2'-FL and Bi-26 were supplemented together. CONCLUSIONS: 2'-FL and Bi-26 added to milk replacer exerted distinct influences on gut bacterial composition and metabolic function, and 2'-FL alone increased specific SCFA concentrations, demonstrating its prebiotic potential.
背景：人乳是低聚糖的来源，可促进有益菌的生长，包括婴儿双歧杆菌亚种，该菌能够利用人乳低聚糖。 目的：评估2'-岩藻糖基乳糖（2'-FL）、婴儿双歧杆菌Bi-26（Bi-26）对仔猪肠道微生物群组成和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）浓度的单独及联合作用。 方法：从出生后第2天至34/35天，完整雄性仔猪（n = 63）可自由采食不含（对照；CON）或含有1.0 g/L 2'-FL（FL）的代乳品。仔猪进一步分层，分别接受12%甘油或甘油中10 CFU/d的Bi-26（BI和FLBI）。分别通过16S核糖体核糖核酸基因测序和气相色谱法测定升结肠内容物（AC）和直肠内容物（RC）中的肠道微生物群和SCFA浓度。使用QIIME 2和通过重建未观察状态对群落进行系统发育调查-2（PICRUSt2）分析微生物群组成和功能谱。 结果：添加2'-FL可增加AC中的戊酸浓度（P = 0.03），并倾向于调节RC中的总体细菌组成（P = 0.06）。与CON相比，单独添加2'-FL可增加AC中的乙酸盐浓度（P < 0.05）。添加Bi-26可降低AC中的香农指数，并降低丙酸盐和丁酸盐浓度（P < 0.05）。单独使用Bi-26会影响AC和RC中几种细菌扩增子序列变体（ASV）的相对丰度，包括被鉴定为普通拟杆菌（拟杆菌属）和普拉梭菌的ASV。此外，2'-FL和Bi-26分别增加了RC中与脂肪酸和脂质生物合成或羧酸盐降解/次级代谢产物降解相关的9条PICRUSt2预测代谢途径的相对丰度；然而，当同时添加2'-FL和Bi-26时，这些作用被抵消，其值与CON组相同。 结论：添加到代乳品中的2'-FL和Bi-26对肠道细菌组成和代谢功能有不同影响，单独使用2'-FL可增加特定SCFA浓度，证明其益生元潜力。
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