Zhang Dan, Jin Wei-Dong, Xu Hai-Feng, Li Xue-Bo, Jiang Yong-Wei, Li Dai-Qing, Lin Xiao-Long
Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Insects. 2024 Aug 28;15(9):646. doi: 10.3390/insects15090646.
Chironomidae is a cosmopolitan and species-rich family of insects, with many species serving as useful indicators of aquatic ecosystem health. In this study, we newly sequenced six species of Goetghebuer, 1922 (Chironomidae: Chironominae) by high-throughput sequencing technology. We analyzed characters of the mitochondrial genome, including the sequence length, nucleotide composition, and evolutionary rates of this genus. The size of the newly obtained sequences ranged from 15,588 to 15,767 bp, and all of them included 22 tRNAs, 13 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 CR. The CR showed the highest AT content relative to the PCGs, rRNAs, and tRNAs. Relative synonymous codon usage analysis showed that UUA, UUU, and AUU are the preferred codons. The ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous (Ks) substitution rates showed that all Ka/Ks of PCGs were lower than 1, with having the highest evolution rate, while exhibited the lowest evolution rate. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of the genus based on eight species (six ingroups and two outgroups), using five matrices and employing Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches. Phylogenetic analysis of the showed that six species within this genus were classified into a monophyletic clade.
摇蚊科是一个分布广泛且物种丰富的昆虫科，许多物种可作为水生生态系统健康状况的有用指标。在本研究中，我们利用高通量测序技术对1922年的Goetghebuer属的六个物种（摇蚊科：摇蚊亚科）进行了新的测序。我们分析了线粒体基因组的特征，包括该属的序列长度、核苷酸组成和进化速率。新获得的序列长度范围为15,588至15,767 bp，所有序列均包含22个tRNA、13个PCG、2个rRNA和1个CR。与PCG、rRNA和tRNA相比，CR的AT含量最高。相对同义密码子使用分析表明，UUA、UUU和AUU是首选密码子。非同义（Ka）与同义（Ks）替换率的比值表明，所有PCG的Ka/Ks均低于1，其中 进化速率最高，而 进化速率最低。我们基于八个物种（六个内群和两个外群），使用五种矩阵并采用最大似然法和贝叶斯推断法重建了该属的系统发育关系。对该属的系统发育分析表明，该属内的六个物种被分类为一个单系类群。
