Puttaningaiah Keshavananda Prabhu Channabasavana Hundi, Hur Jaehyun
Department of Chemical, Biological, and Battery Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Micromachines (Basel). 2024 Aug 23;15(9):1061. doi: 10.3390/mi15091061.
Biosensors are smart devices that convert biochemical responses to electrical signals. Designing biosensor devices with high sensitivity and selectivity is of great interest because of their wide range of functional operations. However, the major obstacles in the practical application of biosensors are their binding affinity toward biomolecules and the conversion and amplification of the interaction to various signals such as electrical, optical, gravimetric, and electrochemical signals. Additionally, the enhancement of sensitivity, limit of detection, time of response, reproducibility, and stability are considerable challenges when designing an efficient biosensor. In this regard, hybrid composites have high sensitivity, selectivity, thermal stability, and tunable electrical conductivities. The integration of phthalocyanines (Pcs) with conductive materials such as carbon nanomaterials or metal nanoparticles (MNPs) improves the electrochemical response, signal amplification, and stability of biosensors. This review explores recent advancements in hybrid Pcs for biomolecule detection. Herein, we discuss the synthetic strategies, material properties, working mechanisms, and integration methods for designing electrochemical biosensors. Finally, the challenges and future directions of hybrid Pc composites for biosensor applications are discussed.
生物传感器是将生化反应转化为电信号的智能设备。由于其广泛的功能操作，设计具有高灵敏度和选择性的生物传感器设备备受关注。然而，生物传感器实际应用中的主要障碍是它们对生物分子的结合亲和力以及将相互作用转化和放大为各种信号，如电信号、光信号、重量信号和电化学信号。此外，在设计高效生物传感器时，提高灵敏度、检测限、响应时间、重现性和稳定性是相当大的挑战。在这方面，杂化复合材料具有高灵敏度、选择性、热稳定性和可调电导率。酞菁（Pcs）与碳纳米材料或金属纳米颗粒（MNPs）等导电材料的整合提高了生物传感器的电化学响应、信号放大和稳定性。本综述探讨了用于生物分子检测的杂化酞菁的最新进展。在此，我们讨论了设计电化学生物传感器的合成策略、材料特性、工作机制和整合方法。最后，讨论了杂化酞菁复合材料在生物传感器应用中的挑战和未来方向。
