Huang R J, Chen S W, Chen T K, Liau M Y
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1985 Aug;18(3):177-83.
The 99.2% toxicity of Naja naja atra venom can be detoxified by treatment with 0.25% GA (glutaraldehyde) solution at pH 6.8 and still remains its antigenicity. Using the GA treated venom incorporated with Freund's complete adjuvant as immunogen, the titer of immune horse sera can be enhanced rapidly. The modified immunization method not only shortened the period of immunization (from 180 to 60 days), but also increased the potency of immune sera (from 75 to 170 units). The method also diminished the mortality rate of the horse during the immunization period (from 37 to 0%) and increased the antibody production rate (from 20 to 100%), as compared to Tanaka's method. With the present method, significant economic effects can be achieved. The neutralization antibody titer of Naja naja atra antivenin could be elevated 3.55 times through purification of the antivenin with the pepsin digestion method. The antivenin recovery rate using the pepsin digestion method was about 55.44%. The solubility of lyophilized antivenin was significantly improved by the addition of 2% glycine. In addition to an increase of antivenin potency and purity, the problem of an inadequate production rate has also been resolved. Now lyophilized antivenin can be supplied even to remote areas, thus providing excellent opportunities for clinical application. This Institute has already adopted this new immunization schedule in lieu of the old Tanaka method.
用pH 6.8的0.25%戊二醛（GA）溶液处理，可使眼镜蛇毒99.2%的毒性解毒，且仍保留其抗原性。以经GA处理并与弗氏完全佐剂混合的毒液作为免疫原，可迅速提高免疫马血清的效价。改进后的免疫方法不仅缩短了免疫周期（从180天缩短至60天），还提高了免疫血清的效价（从75单位提高至170单位）。与田中方法相比，该方法还降低了免疫期间马的死亡率（从37%降至0%），提高了抗体产生率（从20%提高至100%）。采用本方法可取得显著的经济效益。用胃蛋白酶消化法纯化抗眼镜蛇毒血清，其中和抗体效价可提高3.55倍。胃蛋白酶消化法的抗血清回收率约为55.44%。添加2%甘氨酸可显著提高冻干抗血清的溶解度。除了提高抗血清的效价和纯度外，产量不足的问题也得到了解决。现在冻干抗血清甚至可以供应到偏远地区，从而为临床应用提供了良好的机会。本研究所已采用这种新的免疫方案取代旧的田中方法。
