自闭症谱系障碍儿童和青少年饮食习惯的负面影响。

Negative Aspects of Dietary Habits in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

机构信息

Doctoral School, Silesian Medical University in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego St., 40-055 Katowice, Poland.

Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Silesian Medical University in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., Zabrze-Rokitnica, 41-808 Katowice, Poland.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2024 Sep 11;16(18):3059. doi: 10.3390/nu16183059.

DOI:10.3390/nu16183059

PMID:39339659

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11434785/

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet therapy is a key component of a holistic approach to the physiological and psychological health of children with autism spectrum disorders. A personalized diet, tailored to clinical symptoms, yields positive therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the intake of specific food groups and the dietary methods used among children and adolescents with autism.

METHODS

This study included 141 patients from neuropediatric centers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Inclusion criteria were parental consent for the study, age of the child, and autism diagnosis. The research tool was a custom questionnaire covering patients' demographic data, type of disorder, and a qualitative analysis of the dietary habits of selected products.

RESULTS

The predominant dietary models were the basic diet ( = 26; 72.22%) and the elimination diet ( = 9; 25%), with a higher application rate among children with autism spectrum disorders. Aversion to specific foods/products was more prevalent in children with autism ( = 79; 75.24%) compared to those with other neurodevelopmental disorders ( = 10; 27.78%). Snacking between meals was significantly more common among the overall neuropediatric patient group ( = 140; 99.29%), with fruit purees ( = 33; 23.57%) and fruits ( = 28; 20%) being the most frequently consumed snacks.

CONCLUSIONS

The qualitative analysis of dietary habits revealed selective food aversions and eating disorders due to a narrow range of frequently consumed products within dietary groups.

摘要

背景/目的：饮食疗法是自闭症谱系障碍儿童身心全面健康的重要组成部分。针对临床症状的个性化饮食方案可产生积极的治疗效果。本研究旨在评估自闭症儿童和青少年的特定食物组摄入量和饮食方法。

方法

本研究纳入了来自神经儿科中心的 141 名被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍的患者。纳入标准为：家长同意参加研究、患儿年龄、自闭症诊断。研究工具是一份定制问卷，涵盖患者的人口统计学数据、疾病类型以及对所选产品饮食习惯的定性分析。

结果

主要的饮食模式是基本饮食（ = 26；72.22%）和排除饮食（ = 9；25%），在自闭症谱系障碍儿童中应用率更高。对特定食物/产品的厌恶在自闭症儿童中更为常见（ = 79；75.24%），而非自闭症谱系障碍儿童（ = 10；27.78%）。与整体神经儿科患者组（ = 140；99.29%）相比，零食在非正餐时间吃得更多，最常吃的零食是果泥（ = 33；23.57%）和水果（ = 28；20%）。