Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 30;14(1):22655. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73284-0.
Achillea wilhelmsii K.Koch (Asteraceae) is traditionally used in Kashan (Iran) to control diabetes, headaches, kidney stones and heartburn. Due to its beneficial properties, the aerial parts of the plant were collected from the area of Maragheh (Kashan, Isfahan, Iran), in June 2022, during its full flowering, and the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation (Clevenger). The yield, composition and antimicrobial activity of the extractive solution were measured. Qualitative evaluation was performed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy method, and antimicrobial activity was determined against 12 strains of microorganisms by measuring inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The yield of essential oil was ~ 0.1071% (w/w) and it mainly contained oxygenated monoterpenes (47.87%), being for the first time fragranol (33.22%), fragranyl acetate (16.18%) and oleic acid (6.33%) the most abundant. The highest inhibitory halo was found against Candida albicans and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (~ 10 mm). The essential oil was also effective against gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Shigella dysenteriae, as the inhibition halo was ~ 9 mm and similar to that of rifampin, used as a reference. Therefore, it seems that this essential oil from and endemic species has a unique chemotype with potential antimicrobial activity, which may be a possible option for fragranol isolation and the production of natural antibiotics effective against various microorganisms.
阿克丽亚·威尔赫尔姆斯（Achillea wilhelmsii K.Koch）（菊科）在伊朗的卡尚地区被传统用于控制糖尿病、头痛、肾结石和胃灼热。由于其有益的特性，该植物的地上部分于 2022 年 6 月在其盛花期从马拉盖（卡尚、伊斯法罕、伊朗）地区采集，并通过水蒸汽蒸馏法（Clevenger）获得精油。测量了提取物溶液的产率、组成和抗菌活性。通过气相色谱-质谱联用方法进行定性评估，并通过测量抑菌环、最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）来确定抗菌活性，以测定其对 12 株微生物的抑制作用。精油的产率约为 0.1071%（w/w），主要含有含氧单萜（47.87%），首次发现法呢醇（33.22%）、法呢醇乙酸酯（16.18%）和油酸（6.33%）含量最丰富。对白色念珠菌和革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌环最大（~10mm）。该精油对革兰氏阴性菌如鲍曼不动杆菌和痢疾志贺菌也有效，抑菌环约为 9mm，与用作对照的利福平相似。因此，这种来自特有种的精油似乎具有独特的化学型，具有潜在的抗菌活性，这可能是分离法呢醇和生产针对各种微生物有效的天然抗生素的一个可能选择。
