Aghakhanyan Gayane, Di Salle Gianfranco, Fanni Salvatore Claudio, Francischello Roberto, Cioni Dania, Cosottini Mirco, Volterrani Duccio, Neri Emanuele
Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Front Nucl Med. 2023 Feb 27;3:1143256. doi: 10.3389/fnume.2023.1143256. eCollection 2023.
The application of radiomics for non-oncologic diseases is currently emerging. Despite its relative infancy state, the evidence highlights the potential of radiomics approaches to serve as neuroimaging biomarkers in the field of the neurodegenerative brain. This systematic review presents the last progress and potential application of radiomics in the field of neurodegenerative nuclear imaging applied to positron-emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) by focusing mainly on the two most common neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). A comprehensive review of the current literature was performed using the PubMed and Web of Science databases up to November 2022. The final collection of eighteen relevant publications was grouped as AD-related and PD-related. The main efforts in the field of AD dealt with radiomics-based early diagnosis of preclinical AD and the prediction of MCI to AD conversion, meanwhile, in the setting of PD, the radiomics techniques have been used in the attempt to improve the assessment of PD diagnosis, the differential diagnosis between PD and other parkinsonism, severity assessment, and outcome prediction. Although limited evidence with relatively small cohort studies, it seems that radiomics-based analysis using nuclear medicine tools, mainly [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and -amyloid (A) PET, and dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT, can be used for computer-aided diagnoses in AD-continuum and parkinsonian disorders. Combining nuclear radiomics analysis with clinical factors and introducing a multimodality approach can significantly improve classification and prediction efficiency in neurodegenerative disorders.
放射组学在非肿瘤性疾病中的应用目前正在兴起。尽管其尚处于相对初期阶段，但证据表明放射组学方法有潜力成为神经退行性脑疾病领域的神经影像学生物标志物。本系统综述主要聚焦于两种最常见的神经退行性疾病——阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD），介绍了放射组学在应用于正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）的神经退行性核成像领域的最新进展和潜在应用。截至2022年11月，使用PubMed和Web of Science数据库对当前文献进行了全面综述。最终收集的18篇相关出版物分为与AD相关和与PD相关两类。AD领域的主要工作涉及基于放射组学的临床前期AD早期诊断以及轻度认知障碍（MCI）向AD转化的预测，同时，在PD方面，放射组学技术已被用于尝试改善PD诊断评估、PD与其他帕金森综合征的鉴别诊断、严重程度评估及预后预测。尽管队列研究证据有限且样本量相对较小，但似乎使用核医学工具（主要是[18F]氟脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）和淀粉样蛋白（A）PET以及多巴胺转运体（DAT）SPECT）进行基于放射组学的分析可用于AD连续体和帕金森病性疾病的计算机辅助诊断。将核放射组学分析与临床因素相结合并引入多模态方法可显著提高神经退行性疾病的分类和预测效率。
