Cemei Li, Sriram Shyamkumar, Holý Ondřej, Rehman Shazia
Faculty of Education, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2024 Sep 28;17:3355-3367. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S472299. eCollection 2024.
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is linked to various mental health issues, but the relationship between PSU, bedtime procrastination, and mental health symptoms is unclear. Sleep factors related to PSU and its mental health effects have been understudied. This study explores the longitudinal associations between PSU, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health in university students.
In this study, a total of 683 university students participated by completing questionnaires on Smart Phone Addiction (SAS) scale, Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) across two different time points with six-months interval between them. The participants were selected using a cluster sampling technique from Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. A cross-lagged model was utilized to assess the longitudinal association between these variables.
Statistically significant reciprocal associations were found between PSU, bedtime procrastination, and mental health symptoms. PSU at Time 1 significantly predicted PSU at Time 2, bedtime procrastination at Time 2, sleep quality at Time 2, and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Bedtime procrastination at Time 1 predicted PSU at Time 2, sleep quality at Time 2, and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Sleep quality at Time 1 predicted bedtime procrastination at Time 2 and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Mental health symptoms at Time 1 predicted PSU at Time 2 and sleep quality at Time 2.
The research findings have significantly advanced understanding of the longitudinal connections between PSU, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health indicators. This enhanced comprehension is instrumental for psychological practitioners in devising targeted interventions to mitigate such issues among the university student demographic.
问题性智能手机使用（PSU）与各种心理健康问题相关，但PSU、就寝拖延和心理健康症状之间的关系尚不清楚。与PSU及其心理健康影响相关的睡眠因素尚未得到充分研究。本研究探讨了大学生中PSU、就寝拖延、睡眠质量和心理健康之间的纵向关联。
在本研究中，共有683名大学生参与，他们在两个不同时间点完成了关于智能手机成瘾（SAS）量表、就寝拖延量表（BPS）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和抑郁、焦虑压力量表21（DASS-21）的问卷调查，两个时间点间隔六个月。参与者采用整群抽样技术从巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡的奎德-阿扎姆大学选取。采用交叉滞后模型评估这些变量之间的纵向关联。
在PSU、就寝拖延和心理健康症状之间发现了具有统计学意义的相互关联。时间1的PSU显著预测了时间2的PSU、时间2的就寝拖延、时间2的睡眠质量和时间2的心理健康症状。时间1的就寝拖延预测了时间2的PSU、时间2的睡眠质量和时间2的心理健康症状。时间1的睡眠质量预测了时间2的就寝拖延和时间2的心理健康症状。时间1的心理健康症状预测了时间2的PSU和时间2的睡眠质量。
研究结果显著推进了对PSU、就寝拖延、睡眠质量和心理健康指标之间纵向联系的理解。这种增强的理解有助于心理从业者设计有针对性的干预措施，以减轻大学生群体中的此类问题。
